Tourist-applied all-around as a sport included in the system of sports tourism in the Republic of Belarus. The essence and characteristic features of sports tourism as a specific type of tourism activity What is sports tourism

Sports tourism is a sport based on competitions on routes that include overcoming categorized obstacles in the natural environment (passes, peaks (in mountain tourism), rapids (in water tourism), canyons, caves, etc.), and at distances laid in the natural environment and on artificial relief.

Sports tourism in the USSR, as a sport, was included in the Unified All-Union Sports Classification 1 in 1949. When assigning sports categories and the title of master of sports, the number and complexity of completed trips, as well as the experience of independent management of them, are taken into account. Difficulty is determined by the duration and length of the routes, the number and variety of natural obstacles. Multi-day trips (walking, skiing, water, mountain, cycling, automobile, on motorcycles and mopeds) are carried out along routes of 5 categories of difficulty. Routes of increased complexity, especially of the 4th-5th categories, require good general physical and special training. Camping trips are carried out, as a rule, with the assistance of sports and tourist clubs, councils of sports societies, physical education teams. As a means of year-round training of tourists, the so-called. weekend hikes and competitions in types of tourist equipment (for some, all-Union competitions are held).

The procedure for the formation of tourist groups, the rights and obligations of their participants and leaders, paperwork, development and preparation of routes, etc. are regulated by the "Rules for organizing and conducting amateur tourist trips and trips on the territory of the USSR" (approved by the Central Council for Tourism and Excursions of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions in 1972).

Sports tourism is the preparation and conduct of sports trips with the aim of overcoming the vast expanse of wild nature on skis (ski tourism), by means of rafting (water tourism) or on foot in the mountains (mountain tourism). The sports trip is carried out by an autonomous group of 6-10 people. It happens that travelers do not meet any traces of civilization for a month. To complete the route, one must not only be strong, agile, courageous and persistent, but also possess a wide range of special knowledge from the technique of overcoming obstacles to human physiology in extreme conditions. Unlike conventional travel, sports travel includes a set of natural obstacles classified by difficulty. As a rule, in mountain and ski tourism such obstacles are mountain peaks and passes, and in water tourism - river rapids. Classified obstacles form the basis of the methodology for comparing trips by their difficulty. This is similar to assessing the difficulty of gymnastics or figure skating programs. The most difficult trips performed with brilliance are nominated for the championship of Moscow and the championship of Russia.

The organization and conduct of sports trips are subject to the Rules approved by the Tourist and Sports Union of Russia. These Rules accumulate the experience of many generations of travelers. Therefore, when they are carried out, the level of safety achieved in sports tourism is guaranteed. This is controlled by the system of route qualification commissions (MCC). In particular, the ICC checks the readiness of the group to enter the route and the compliance of the experience of the participants of the trip with its complexity. In accordance with the Rules, sports trips can have six categories of complexity (c.s.). If the travels of the first k.s. feasible for beginners, then travel sixth k.s. extreme even for the strongest and most experienced travelers. Indeed, mountain "sixes" in some areas can include climbing to peaks over 7000 m high, ski "sixes" are hundreds and hundreds of kilometers of way in forty-degree frost along endless Siberian ridges, water "sixes" are breathtaking rafting along the frenzied rivers of Altai and the Middle Asia.

The system of sports tourism, created over decades, limits the initiative of travelers to a minimum. Currently, a sports trip can be arranged to anywhere in the world, and everyone can become a team leader, as long as he has experience of participating in a trip of the same category of complexity and experience of leading a trip that is one category easier. The remaining members of the team must have experience of participating in a simpler (one category) trip. In addition to this basic principle, the Rules provide for exceptions to better take into account the actual experience of travelers (for example, mountaineering experience or experience in other types of sports tourism). The master level in sports tourism is associated with the leadership in travel of the highest (5th and 6th) categories of complexity. Therefore, making two trips a year, a gifted athlete reaches this level in 5-6 years.

Types of sports tourism

The types of sports tourism are:

hiking- Movement on the tourist route is carried out mainly on foot. The main task is to overcome terrain and landscape obstacles on foot, for high categories of difficulty - in areas with difficult terrain and climatic conditions.

ski tourism- movement on the tourist route is carried out mainly on skis. The main task is to overcome relief-landscape obstacles on snow and snow-ice cover on skis, for high categories of difficulty - in harsh climatic zones and in mountainous areas.

mountain tourism- Hiking in high mountains. The main task is the passage of mountain passes, climbing peaks, traverses of mountain ranges.

water tourism- rafting on rivers on means of rafting (ships), usually in mountainous areas. The main task is the passage of water obstacles formed by the relief of the riverbed and the features of its course.

speleotourism- travel through underground cavities (caves, cave systems, including those partially flooded with water). The main task is to overcome the structural obstacles encountered in the caves.

sailing tourism - travel on ships under sail on the sea or water areas of large lakes. The main task is to fulfill the ship's voyage plan in accordance with the rules of navigation in inland waters and on the high seas.

on vehicles- a section that includes cycling tourism, equestrian tourism and auto-moto tourism. The main task is to overcome relief-landscape obstacles on a long route (roads and paths with different terrain and coverage, up to roads on the verge of passability (passability), tourist, cattle-running and animal migration paths, fords and crossings, mountain passes, traverses, etc. .d.) in difficult conditions, usually in mountainous or rugged terrain that is difficult in terms of climate and topography.

combined tourism- hikes that combine elements various kinds tourism;

Motorcycle tourism- one of the types of tourism in which a motorcycle serves as a means of transportation. The concept of "motorcycle tourism" is ambiguous and refers to one of the types active rest and to the variety of sports tourism.

According to age and social characteristics, sports tourism is divided into:

children's tourism;

youth tourism;

adult tourism;

family tourism;

tourism for people with disabilities.

IN last years The following areas of sports tourism have been actively developed:

travel (including solo travel);

extreme tourism;

distance discipline;

Distance disciplineindoors on artificial terrain;

short routes in class sports trips.

A variety of relief, climate, natural landscapes are the natural basis for various areas of sports and recreational recreation. Some of them are massive (swimming and beach, walking), others are focused on people with a good sports training, their occupation is sometimes associated with a risk to life (adventurous or adventure tourism). As in no other form of recreation, the share of amateur tourism is high here. There are also areas that, due to the high cost of special equipment and maintenance, can be classified as elite, designed for a wealthy clientele.

underwater tourism, despite the high cost of equipment, it is becoming more and more popular and aims to explore the underwater world, photo hunting, spearfishing, collecting marine organisms, shells, pearls.

Destinations. Underwater tourism is more represented in tropical countries. Here tourists are attracted by coral reefs - the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia, the atolls of Oceania, the reefs of the Caribbean Sea, the coast of Florida, the Red Sea. Scuba diving is called diving. Many seaside resorts have diving centers where you can learn scuba diving and rent equipment.

Diving includes not only elements of sport and risk, but has a certain educational interest. For example, archaeological underwater tourism is developing in the Mediterranean countries, since there are many ruins of flooded ancient cities in the coastal waters, which are viewed with interest by tourists. The wrecks of sunken ships also attract tourists, often tourists are looking for them or searching for treasures.

For those who are not able to dive underwater, excursions are offered to underwater stained-glass windows, specially created in the bottoms of ships and in the underground part of coastal buildings. You can also take a short trip on comfortable tourist submarines.

Walking and fishing-walking recreation is a widespread activity. Having an independent significance, it often accompanies various types of sports, health and medical tourism. Walking holidays include activities such as walking on outdoors walking, skiing, picnics (picnic tourism), sightseeing. In fishing and walking tourism, walks are accompanied by picking mushrooms, berries, nuts, flowers, medicinal plants, sea mollusks, corals, precious and semi-precious stones and minerals, other gifts of nature, collecting butterflies, beetles, compiling a herbarium, etc.

Destinations. In areas rich in nature, fishing tourism is gaining significant proportions. In Siberia and the Far East, the fishing of berries, mushrooms, nuts, ferns and other gifts of nature by the local population is second only to suburban recreation in terms of mass. In this regard, a number of scientists put forward industrial tourism to the rank of an independent type, equivalent to medical-resort, sports and health-improving, etc., which is hardly eligible, since mass procurement of gifts of nature is not so much a recreation as a type of economic activity, but for part of the population - a way of existence. As a rule, with organized fishing and walking recreation, the volume of collecting the gifts of nature is insignificant, and in general around the world this species tourism is in most cases of subordinate importance, usually accompanying other species.

route tourism can be sports (qualifying) and amateur (health-improving). Sports tourism involves hiking along routes of a certain category of complexity in order to improve tourist skills, test one's physical, mental strength and endurance, and fulfill sports qualification standards.

Initially, route tourism consisted of 4 types: hiking, skiing, water, bicycle, over time they were added motorcycle And caravanning. According to the nature of the obstacles to be overcome, route tourism is most often divided into flat And mountain. Mountain tourism is more attractive due to the high aesthetics of mountain landscapes, as well as the fact that it is associated with great difficulties, dangers and physical activity. Water tourism has received great development - trips along rivers, lakes, seas on tourist ships. Among athletes and amateurs, kayaking is especially popular, inflatable boats, catamarans, rafts and other watercraft. Rafting on rafts of various designs on difficult mountain rivers is called rafting. Water tourism also includes: boat trips and routes, rowing (kayaks, canoes and other vessels), water skiing and sailing. As a rule, these types of recreation and tourism are combined with bathing and beach tourism and fishing. Water-motor transport plays a significant role in suburban and local recreation for walking, fishing and walking, fishing and hunting recreation and tourism.

Route tourism is widespread everywhere, not concentrating within some regions and countries. Of course, territories that are little developed by man, remote from large, noisy cities, are more popular. Among those who are fond of hiking, there are a lot of amateur tourists.

Very popular fishing tourism. There are river, lake and sea fishing tourism. In fresh waters, fish that live in clean and fast rivers are popular and prestigious fishing objects - trout, grayling, lenok, taimen. Fishing for them (especially for taimen) attracts not only the local population, but also foreign tourists. The organization of fishing tours for foreigners is usually more environmentally friendly. Because the caught fish, after weighing, measuring, and photographing a successful fisherman with prey, is most often released back into the reservoir. Often, the same fish is pulled out of the water several times. Of course, in order not to harm the fish, special fishing hooks are used.

In local fishing tourism list commercial fish very wide and determined by the fishing area - crucian carp, carp, carp, pike, catfish, etc. The objects of fishing in sea fishing tourism are the most diverse in species composition and size of fish, even small sharks.

Destinations. Fishing is not only recreation, hobby, fishing, but also a sport. Fishing competitions, including world championships, are held in many parts of the world. The world record was set in the waters of the island Mauritius— 550 kg blue marlin was caught. richest for sea fishing places are considered coral reefs ( Great Barrier Reef, the islands of Oceania, the Caribbean Sea, sung by Hemingway). In high latitudes, under-ice ice is very popular. fishing. For example, ice fishing championships are held annually in Canada.

In some cases, fishing tourism takes unusual forms. For example, in Chinese cities, you can go fishing for a fee in pools and aquariums located in parks or even in buildings.

hunting tourism very different phenomenon. For a significant part of amateur hunters, the main goal of hunting is a walk through the forest, not a trophy. Such types of tourism as photo, film or video hunting are not only sports and recreational, but also educational recreation. At the same time, hunting trophy tourism is increasingly regulated in connection with the problems of wildlife protection. In most countries of the world, there are licenses for the main hunting objects that limit the number and types of trophies, as well as the timing of hunting. In developed countries with low forest cover, many animals are specially fed or bred for hunting. Due to this, many forest areas in Europe and the USA, despite their small size and high tourist attendance, have a density of animals higher than, for example, in the natural forests of Russia.

Destinations. Hunting tourism is one of the most expensive types of tourism, both in terms of the cost of equipment and the prices for the services provided. The average cost of servicing one day of a tourist-hunter is about 200 dollars, despite the often Spartan living conditions. The cost of a license to shoot an animal, depending on the object of hunting, ranges from the first hundreds to several tens of thousands of dollars. Safaris are especially expensive in Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa). Often, as in African safari, protected animals serve as hunting objects. To a certain extent, this is justified, since it brings the funds necessary to protect animals from poachers, the damage from which is much greater than from hunting.

Ski tourism has developed very rapidly over the past three decades. The attractiveness of ski tourism is due to the fact that this is the only mass sport and recreation in winter time. In addition, the winter mountain landscape is highly aesthetic, as well as the descent along the track of brightly equipped skiers. Ski tourism has now become fashionable.

Ski touring and recreation includes skiing, slalom, ski jumping, freestyle, snowboarding, freeride and ski touring. The most suitable for the development of mass ski tourism are areas with certain natural conditions. The relief is slightly dissected with long slopes from hundreds of meters to several kilometers with a steepness of up to 35° (optimally 17°). The thickness of the snow cover is at least 50 cm in stable sunny weather. The most important condition is the avalanche safety of the track.

For classes skiing large comfortable tourist bases, micro-towns consisting of campsites have been created. They have turned into real resorts, using the healing properties of the mountain climate.

The birthplace of skiing is the Alps. At the beginning of the twentieth century. in San Anton (Austria), now a famous ski resort, the first descent along the mountain slope was carried out. Alpine slopes still remain the most popular among skiers. The best alpine ski resorts: Chamonix, Val d'Isère (France), Davos, St. Moritz(Switzerland), Innsbruck, San Anton(Austria), Cortina d'Ampezzo, Courmayeur(Italy).

Ski resorts are often used for Winter Olympic Games. The popularity of resorts after that increases dramatically. Over the years, the White Olympics have hosted Chamonix (1924, first Winter Olympics) , Cortina d'Ampezzo(1956, USSR participates for the first time), Grenoble(France) , Innsbruck, Sapporo, Nagano (Japan), Lillihammer(Norway), Calgary(Canada), Salt Lake City, Lake Placid(USA).

In Russia, until recently, there were no high-quality ski slopes and comfortable resorts. The best natural conditions are distinguished by the mountains of the Caucasus and Kamchatka, in the Moscow region. The most famous ski centers countries: Kirovsk (Murmansk region, Khibiny mountains, is characterized by a long ski season, due to the northern geographical position), Dombay, Terskol, Elbrus(the oldest ski resorts in the North Caucasus), Krasnaya Polyana(the youngest and most comfortable resort located in the Western Caucasus, 70 km from Sochi). There are centers in the Urals and in the mountains of southern Siberia. The largest ski project in Russia - the creation of 40 km ski slopes near the village Listvyanka on Baikal.

Mountaineering — a kind of mountain tourism; a journey that includes climbing peaks. This is a sports tourism that requires participants to have a good physical training and high qualifications. The emergence of mountaineering is usually attributed to 1786, when the Swiss J. Balma and M. Pakkar peaks Mont Blanc- the highest in the Alps (4807 m). The climb to the Klyuchevskaya Sopka volcano (4750m) by members of the expedition of D. Gauss in 1788 is considered to be the first ascent in Russia. The highest peak of the Earth - Everest (8848 m) - conquered in 1953 by New Zealander E. Hillary and Sherpa N. Tenzing.

Since mountaineering is associated with an increased risk to the lives of climbers, its mass character is not high. Beginning climbers are trained in climbing camps, where training camps, rallies, and competitions are also held. Climbing camps are both temporary tent-type and stationary with summer houses or permanent buildings. Often in the summer season, empty ski bases and resorts are used. Alpine camps are created during alpiniades - mass ascents of climbers to simple peaks.

For climbers highest qualification national and world championships are held. The most prestigious for climbing among professional climbers are the "eight-thousanders" of the Himalayas (Chomolungma-Everest, Annapurna and others - only 11 peaks) and Karakoram (Chogori, 8611 m, etc.). The rating of professional climbers also depends on the conquest of the highest peaks of each continent (Europe - Mont Blanc, Africa - Kilimanjaro, North America- McKinley, South America - Aconcagua, Australia - Kosciuszko). For mountain climbing in the mountains have become an important source of income. For example, serving numerous expeditions seeking to conquer Chomolungma and other Himalayan peaks, provides the lion's share of tourism income in Nepal.

Speleotourism (from Greek. spelaion- cave) - visiting caves. Depending on their complexity, speleotourism can be excursion, amateur and sports. Sports caving involves the passage or first ascent of technically complex caves that require vocational training. The complexity of underground routes is due to the diversity of the cave relief (wells, blockages, narrow cracks, underground rivers and lakes), lack of light, low temperatures and high humidity (up to 100%). Often, traveling in caves requires the skills of hiking, rock climbing, scuba diving. Sports caving is usually accompanied by the scientific study of caves or the drawing up of a plan for underground passages.

Amateur speleotourism is characterized by visits to simpler and safer caves, it is widespread in local tourism, and plays a significant role in local history.

The most famous caves are in the Alps. For example, the deepest cave in the world is Lamprechtsofenloch, which goes deep into the earth at 1634 m (Austria). The second deepest Jean-Bernard cave is located in the French Alps (depth 1602). One of the most beautiful caves in the world - Pierre Saint-Martin (length 51 km, depth 1350m) - is located in the Pyrenees on the border of France and Spain. There are many famous caves in the Caucasus. The deepest of them is Snezhnaya in Georgia (depth 1370 m).

The longest caves in the world are Flint Mammoth (Appalachian Mountains, USA, 563 km); Optimistic (Podolsk Upland, Ukraine, 207 km); Ozernaya (ibid., 111 km)

Well-known karst regions with a wide distribution of caves are located in Central Asia, South China, and Mexico.

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Ministry of Education and Sciences of the Russian Federation

Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov

Department of Physical Education and Sports

Report on the topic:

"Sports tourism"

Belgorod 2012

Sportsmoutdoor tourmgp-- a sport based on competitions on routes that include overcoming obstacles categorized by difficulty in the natural environment (roads and trails with various surfaces and off-road, crossings, passes, peaks, rapids, canyons, caves, etc.), and on distances laid in the natural environment and on artificial terrain.

Sports tourism (ST) in Russia and a number of neighboring countries is a sport with a long tradition. It includes not only the sports component, but also a special spiritual sphere, and the way of life of the wanderers themselves. Non-commercial clubs of tourists (tour clubs) are still the centers for the development of sports tourism, although many tourists are engaged in it on their own. The sport "Sports tourism" is included in the All-Russian register of sports under the number 0840005411Я (2006-2009).

At present, the titles of MSMK and ZMS for sports tourism are not assigned, the rest of the qualifying sports categories and titles up to MS are assigned in Russia.

In addition, the ST has specialized professional titles associated with the right to carry out professional commercial or teaching activities in the field of sports tourism: tour guide, instructor (senior instructor, international class instructor) of sports tourism.

As in other official sports, in sports tourism there is an organized and professional refereeing, whose activities are regulated by relevant regulatory documents. By gaining refereeing experience and undergoing appropriate professional training (schools, seminars), judges acquire the appropriate judicial titles. At the same time, a certain feature of refereeing in the ST is that the remuneration of sports judges is small, or refereeing is carried out on a voluntary basis. Many of the judges are themselves sports tourists with extensive experience and significant sports achievements. Sports referees in ST, without exaggeration, are respected, honorary representatives of the sports community of ST.

Many sports tourists also practice related sports: orienteering(running and cycling), multisport, rock climbing, mountaineering, rafting, mountain biking (amateur cross-country), skiing (marathons), yachting, etc. Sports tourists are, among other things, a reserve for training rescuers in the natural environment .

Sports tourism, primarily sports trips, is a team sport in which traditions of mutual assistance and mutual assistance are strong, sports discipline, self-improvement and mutual transfer of knowledge and experience.

Passion for sports tourism allows you to get acquainted with the culture and life of various countries and peoples, with wonderful and often even unique corners of nature, interesting sights, enjoy communication, and find reliable comrades.

Participation in sports hikes of the initial categories of complexity and in competitions at distances, as a rule, does not require significant financial costs, at the same time it allows you to get the necessary basic skills and enjoy participation in hikes and competitions.

Engaging in sports tourism, as a complex sport carried out in a complex natural and social environment, of course, carries certain risks and requires the athlete to have versatile knowledge, skills, experience and good physical, technical and psychological preparation.

In large cities of Russia there are many sports tourism organizations and amateur tourist clubs, which, among other things, conduct training schools for tourist personnel (primary, basic, specialized and top level(the latter are intended for sports tourism instructors)). Education in such schools is desirable, although not mandatory for tourism.

Among the main functional positions in a sports trip, in addition to the official position of the head of the tourist group, one can list the deputy head of the group (can be appointed if necessary), the head (captain) of the rafting facility or sports vessel, the physician, the navigator, the head of the household (supply manager), the head of the equipment ( zavsnar), mechanic (remmaster), meteorologist, treasurer, timekeeper, chronicler, photographer, etc. flexible, because all tourists in the group must possess, to one degree or another, various basic skills and provide mutual assistance whenever necessary. In small groups, one person combines various positions.

Equipment in sports tourism depends on its type and includes special clothing and footwear (storm jackets and trousers, windproof, insulated, self-dumping, etc., thermal underwear, gloves, trekking, ski, mountain or trekking-bike shoes, shoe covers, bicycle uniforms, wet and dry suits, neoprene shoes or socks, goggles of various types, etc.), helmets or hard hats, ropes, carabiners, etc. devices (alpenstocks, ice axes, crampons, walking sticks, snowshoes, etc.), campfire accessories and camping utensils, multi-fuel burners, navigation and communications equipment, as well as technical equipment and inventory by type (catamarans and other rafting equipment, skis, bicycles , cars, backpacks of various types, life jackets, cargo mini-sleds, etc.).

The main skills of a tourist include: providing the first medical care, organizing and conducting the evacuation of victims, the skills of choosing a place and setting up a camp and temporary parking, working with ropes and technical means of guiding crossings, insurance, etc., movement techniques and overcoming obstacles of a different nature, organizing the order of movement and other actions in a group, survival in extreme conditions (for example, sleeping in the snow, working with insufficient food, operating in extreme weather conditions, actions in case of loss of contact with the group, self-help, use as a quality. improvised equipment, etc.), compiling menus and food layouts in a sports trip, making and maintaining a fire, cooking, repairing equipment, orienteering and navigation, psychological work and conflict resolution, management of various works and actions in extreme situations. Additional useful skills include knowledge of the language of the hiking area or a common language, skills in related tourism and sports, skills in hunting and fishing, handling animals and various equipment, useful knowledge in the field of geography, flora and fauna, skills of a negotiator, storyteller, general engineering ingenuity, etc.

Types of sports tourism

The types of sports tourism are:

Hiking - movement on the route is carried out mainly on foot;

ski tourism - movement on the route is carried out mainly on skis;

mountain tourism - hiking in high mountains;

· water tourism - rafting on the rivers, depending on the category, the rivers are usually mountainous;

speleotourism - travel through underground cavities;

sailing tourism - travel on ships under sail on the sea or water areas of large lakes;

· on means of transportation - a section that includes cycling, horse riding and auto-motor travel;

· combined tourism - travel, combining elements of various types of tourism;

By age-social On the basis of sports tourism is divided into:

children's tourism;

youth tourism;

· adult tourism;

· family tourism;

tourism for people with disabilities.

In recent years, the following have been actively developed directions of sports tourism:

travel (including solo travel);

· extreme tourism;

distance discipline;

Discipline distance indoors on artificial terrain;

short routes in the class of sports trips.

Route classification

Depending on the difficulty of the obstacles to be overcome, the area of the hike, autonomy, novelty, length of the route and a number of other factors characteristic of different types of sports tourism, according to increasing complexity, hikes are divided into:

Weekend hikes

· hikes 1 - 3 degrees of difficulty - in youth tourism;

sports category trips. IN different types tourism, the number of categories of complexity is different: in hiking, mountain, water, skiing, cycling and speleotourism - six categories of complexity (c. s.); in automoto and sailing tourism - five; in the horse - three.

This division is given in more detail in the Unified All-Russian Sports Classification of Tourist Routes (EVSKTM). The route qualification commissions are public expert (certification) bodies that carry out conclusions on the categorization of routes, confirmation of the compliance of the qualifications of participants and the leader with the declared category of complexity of the route. sports tourism route competition

Ranks and titles in sports tourism

The category of a tourist-athlete makes it possible to judge his sports qualification, expressed in the ability to pass routes of certain categories of difficulty.

For getting sports category for tourism, before passing the route, the group is required to register it and obtain permission from the route qualification commission (MKK). After the end of the hike, a report is submitted to the ICC, on the basis of which the materials are considered, and in case of a positive decision, categories are assigned to the participants and the leader.

According to the "Class requirements for sports tourism for 2001-2004" categories can be assigned (in ascending order of sportsmanship):

· badge "Tourist of Russia" - tourists who have reached the age of 12 are awarded;

3rd youth category;

2nd youth category;

1st youth category;

· 3rd category;

· 2nd category;

· 1st category;

Candidate Master of Sports (CMS);

Master of Sports of Russia (MS);

Master of sports of international class (MSMK).

Tourist and sports competitions

Tourist and sports competition- this is the movement of a person alone or as part of a group in the natural environment on any technical means and without them. "TSS" are held in two groups of disciplines: 1. "Routes" - directly hikes and sports tours (according to the category of difficulty); 2. "Distances" - the former "tourist all-around" - depending on the complexity of the stages, they are divided into classes from 1 to 6. The distance class conditionally corresponds to the complexity category of the corresponding trip.

Competitions are usually held separately for each type of tourism. It is allowed to conduct competitions at combined distances.

By socio-age competition factors are divided into:

family;

children;

youthful;

student,

youth;

Adults

Among the elderly

among veterans;

· mixed-age;

among boys and/or girls;

among men and/or women;

among the disabled.

Organizational structure

The amateur movement of tourists pursuing sports goals is organizationally represented by tourist groups (teams) and clubs of tourists at the place of residence, sections of sports tourism - at the first and second levels of self-organization. At the federal level, the leading body of self-government for tourists-athletes is the Tourist and Sports Union of Russia, located in Moscow.

History of sports tourism

· In 1949 included in the Unified All-Union Sports Classification.

· In 1970, competitions for the best hiking trip were organized for the first time.

Sociology of tourism

Due to the availability of sports and health tourism, children are involved, as well as all segments of the population, among which are youth, students, intellectuals, teachers, doctors, businessmen, state and municipal employees.

Conclusion

Thus, summing up, in order to create optimal conditions in the country for the implementation of an effective sports tourism complex capable of involving as many Russian citizens as possible in the sports tourism movement and implementing modern technology for active recreation aimed at social adaptation, spiritual and physical improvement of the individual, a concept, which is the basis for the development of a set of measures for the development of sports and recreational tourism, providing for the unification of the efforts of the federal executive and legislative authorities, the authorities of the subjects Russian Federation, local governments, tourist and sports public associations, all interested organizations, as well as individual citizens.

It also needs to be said about social significance sports tourism, since unlike other sports, sports tourism requires minimal costs, since training process and the routes themselves pass in the natural environment, expensive stadiums and special sports halls are not required.

Sports tourism is not only a national sport, it is a social movement that unites sports, spirituality, patriotism, the slogan of which is "Spirituality-Sport-Nature".

Sports tourism refers to a social sport, it is carried out by segments of the population that do not have large incomes - youth, students, intellectuals, teachers, doctors.

The public nature of the relationship in tourism I demand from the participants of collectivism, mutual assistance, self-sacrifice in the name of a common goal, educates spirituality. Therefore, speaking of sports tourism, we are talking about the education of patriotism, courage, citizenship. Sports tourism has a pronounced military-applied significance.

Sports tourism is also an effective means of environmental education.

Sports tourism is an effective counteraction to drug addiction, drunkenness and delinquency. Example: sports camps and trips with troubled teenagers are very effective.

Sports tourism is sports trips, trips in the natural environment associated with the passage of categorized (i.e. having a certain category of difficulty from simple 1 to 6 of the highest difficulty) obstacles. Currently popular among young people extreme views classes. Sports tourism offers such a proposal.

List of used literature

1. Abukov A.Kh. "Tourism at a new stage: social aspects of tourism development in Russia". - M.: Profizdat, 1983. - 277 p.

2. Azar V.I. "Economics and organization of tourism". - M.: Enlightenment, 2007 - 344s.

3. Alekseev A. "Sports tourism in Russia: problems of formation and development" Parliamentary newspaper. - 86. - August 8, 2004.

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Types of sports tourism

The types of sports tourism are:

hiking - movement on the route is carried out mainly on foot;
ski tourism - movement on the route is carried out mainly on skis;
mountain tourism - hiking in high mountains;
water tourism - rafting on rivers depending on the category, rivers are usually mountainous;
speleotourism - travel through underground cavities;
sailing tourism - travel on ships under sail on the sea or water areas of large lakes;
on means of transportation - a section that includes cycling, horse riding and auto-moto travel;
combined tourism - travel that combines elements of various types of tourism;

By age-social On the basis of sports tourism is divided into:

children's tourism;
youth tourism;
adult tourism;
family tourism;

In recent years, the following have been actively developed directions of sports tourism:

travel (including solo travel);
distance discipline;
Discipline distance indoors on artificial terrain;
short routes in the class of sports trips.

Route classification

weekend trips;
hikes 1 - 3 degrees of difficulty - in youth tourism;
sports category trips. In different types of tourism, the number of categories of complexity is different: in hiking, mountain, water, skiing, cycling and speleotourism - six categories of complexity (c. c.); in automoto and sailing tourism - five; in the horse - three.

This division is given in more detail in the Unified All-Russian Sports Classification of Tourist Routes (EVSKTM). Route qualification commissions are public expert (certification) bodies that carry out conclusions on the categorization of routes, confirmation of the conformity of the qualifications of participants and the leader of the declared category of complexity of the route.

Ranks and titles in sports tourism

The category of a tourist-athlete makes it possible to judge his sports qualification, expressed in the ability to pass routes of certain categories of difficulty.

To obtain a sports category in tourism, before passing the route, the group needs to register it and obtain permission from the route qualification commission (MKK). After the end of the hike, a report is submitted to the ICC, on the basis of which the materials are considered, and in case of a positive decision, categories are assigned to the participants and the leader.

According to the "Class requirements for sports tourism for 2001-2004" categories can be assigned (in ascending order of sportsmanship):

Tourist and sports competitions

Competitions are usually held separately for each type of tourism. It is allowed to conduct competitions at combined distances.

By socio-age competition factors are divided into:

family;
children's;
youthful;
student,
youth;
adults;
among the elderly;
among veterans;
uneven-aged;
among boys and/or girls;
among men and/or women;
among the disabled.

Organizational structure

The amateur movement of tourists pursuing sports goals is organizationally represented by tourist groups (teams) and clubs of tourists at the place of residence, sections of sports tourism - at the first and second levels of self-organization. At the federal level, the leading self-government body for sports tourists is the Tourist and Sports Union of Russia, located in Moscow.

History of sports tourism

Included in the Unified All-Union Sports Classification.
For the first time, competitions for the best hiking trip were organized.

Sociology of tourism

Notes

Links

Tourism: adventure and sports in the Open Directory Project (dmoz) links directory.

Tourism
Types of tourism	Amateur (unorganized) Organized Intourism (international) Pedestrian Cycling Horse-drawn Water Car Hitchhiking Railway Space Agritourism Light walking Recreation Disabled Medical Speleo Ecotourism Sports(aka wellness) Mountain Ski Mountaineering Safari Extreme Cultural Archaeological Pilgrimage Adventure Charity Virtual Backpacking Sex tourism Gay tourism Tolkien tourism Alco Drug tourism Suicidal
Tourism by country	Australia (Sydney) Argentina Brazil Colombia Canada Cuba Dubai Mexico New Zealand Nicaragua Oman Papua New Guinea USA
Africa	Algeria Burkina Faso Egypt Cameroon Namibia Nigeria Rwanda Sierra Leone Tunisia Zimbabwe Ethiopia South Africa
Asia	Bahrain Bhutan Vietnam China (Hong Kong Macau) Indonesia India Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea Republic of Korea Kyrgyzstan Laos Mauritius Malaysia Maldives Nepal Pakistan Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
Europe	Abkhazia Austria Azerbaijan Albania Andorra Armenia Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Hungary Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Isle of Man Italy Lithuania Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine (Crimea) Great Britain (England) Scotland Wales) Vatican City
tourism industry	Travel Agent Tour Operator Global Distribution System Travel Fraud
Other	List of States List of Attractions List of Resort Towns Gift Shop Passport Visa Transport Tourist Guide
see also	World Tourism Organization World Tourism Day Tourism in Literature Geography of tourism Tourist equipment

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

Synonyms:

Instruction

Sports tourism is more command view sports than solitary. Teamwork develops a sense of mutual assistance and mutual assistance, discipline, the need to transfer experience and knowledge. Sports trips develop the horizons of a person, allow you to get acquainted with the culture and life of the peoples of different countries, their sights and various parts of nature. Unlike many other sports, tourism does not involve significant financial costs.

In a sports campaign, each team member must fulfill his role. Therefore, in advance, by common agreement, various positions are assigned to everyone. For example: captain (leader), medic, navigator, household and equipment managers, mechanic, meteorologist, treasurer, chronicler-photographer and others. In small groups, one person, as a rule, combines several positions. Experienced tourists have the skills necessary for each position and can replace a sick friend at any time.

The equipment is selected depending on the nature of the proposed trip, the distance, the complexity of the route and mainly includes special clothes and shoes. They put on jackets and trousers made of waterproof material, take warm clothes, gloves, thermal underwear, a supply of underwear, comfortable and practical shoes. Necessarily - or awnings, ropes and carabiners, lanterns with batteries, campfire accessories and camping utensils, portable burners, navigation and communications equipment. From special equipment, if necessary, they take mountain, ski or bicycle shoes, wetsuits, goggles and helmets, climbing equipment, snowshoes, pack animals, technical transport: kayaks and catamarans, skis, bicycles, cars, motorcycles.

Each tourist must be able to provide first aid in a qualified manner, evacuate the victim, be able to choose a place and set up a camp or parking lot on it, use ropes in various situations, overcome water obstacles and other obstacles. Have survival skills in extreme situations: spend the night in the snow, work with insufficient food or when separated from the group, provide self-help for injuries and injuries, use improvised means as equipment. Skills in making a fire and preparing camp food, repairing equipment, orienteering and navigation are very useful. Additional skills can be: knowledge of the language local residents, skills in hunting and fishing, handling animals and equipment, engineering knowledge, knowledge in geography, biology and zoology.

Depending on the complexity and duration, sports trips are divided into several types. Weekend hikes are designed for 1-2 days and are needed for training beginners, keeping fit and for a joint cultural and recreational weekend in nature. In children's and youth tourism, trips are designed for 1-3 category of difficulty. For adults, the number of categories depends on the type of tourism. And there are a lot of them: hiking, skiing, water, mountain, speleotourism (traveling through caves), sailing tourism, car and motorcycle tourism, horse and bicycle tourism. All categories of difficulty are described in detail in the "Classification of sports routes"

To receive a category in sports tourism, a tourist or a group of tourists needs to develop a route of a certain category of complexity and register it with the route qualification commission, which confirms the declared complexity and gives permission. After the completion of the trip, the leader of the group assigns a detailed report on the passage of the route and the commission, based on the consideration of materials, assigns to all members of the group. In total, there are 3 youth and 3 adult categories, the title of candidate master of sports, master of sports and honored master of sports. The last titles are awarded by judges at the All-Russian sports and tourism competitions.

TOURISM SPORTS

LECTURE #1

Topic: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPORTS TOURISM

Main questions:

The history of the development of sports tourism

CHARACTERISTICS OF SPORTS TOURISM AS A SPORT

3. FEDERATION OF SPORTS TOURISM.

Compiled by: head of the department of l / a and l / s

Associate Professor, Ph.D. Gulidin P.K.

Vitebsk 2016

history of sports tourism development

Tourism as a mass social phenomenon began to take shape only after the Second World War, although the roots of tourism go back to the deep past. There are four stages in the history of tourism development.

The first stage is from antiquity to the beginning of the 19th century.

The second stage is from the beginning of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century.

The third stage is from the beginning of the 20th century to the Second World War.

The fourth stage - after the Second World War to the present day.

The first stage of tourism development is called the prehistory of tourism. The beginning of this stage belongs to the ancient period ( Ancient Greece and Rome), when the main motives for travel were trade, pilgrimage, treatment, education. During this period, sports trips were born. For example, participants and spectators of the Olympic Games traveled to the competition site from the most remote corners of Greece. Later, in the Middle Ages, a religious factor became an incentive to travel - the worship of the shrines of Christianity and Islam. As a result of the development of the productive forces of society, there is a distinction between working time and free time of the worker (vacation). This created the prerequisites for the second stage of tourism development.

The second stage of tourism development is called elite tourism. The most important role at this stage of tourism development was played by revolutionary changes in transport. The means of delivery and transportation have changed. In 1807, the inventor Fulton designed and built the first steamship. The first steam locomotive was created by Stephenson in 1814. The means of delivering mail were improved, and the road network was expanded. All this led to much greater reliability and speed of movement. At the same time, travel costs were reduced due to more economical means of transportation.

Scientific and technological progress and the social struggle of workers for their rights, as well as the growing welfare of society, have created the possibility of travel for most ordinary people.

The third stage marked the beginning of the formation of social tourism. The First World War, the economic depression of the 30s and the Second World War had a negative impact on the development of tourism. At the same time, it was during this period that elements of mass tourism appeared, which reached its peak in the post-war decades.

The fourth stage is called the stage of mass tourism. During this period, tourism becomes massive.

Tourism as a sport was included in the Unified All-Union Sports Classification (EVSK) in 1949. The USSR Tourism Federation, like tourism as part of the EVSK, existed until 1958, and then, for purely bureaucratic reasons, tourism was excluded from the EVSK, and the Tourism Federation liquidated.

After 1958, for the next seven years, sports tourism remained entirely in the care of tourism boards (i.e. trade unions). The number of accidents on hiking routes (namely, this was the reason for the exclusion of tourism from sports), however, did not decrease, but, on the contrary, increased significantly. And tourism was restored in EVSK in 1965.

All these years (from 1958 to 1976 inclusively at all levels - from regional to the Central Council for Tourism and Excursions - public commissions worked on types of tourism and sections of work (route-qualifying, competitions, preparation and certification of public tourist personnel, etc.).

By a joint resolution of Belsovprof and the Committee on physical culture and sports under the Council of Ministers of the BSSR on February 15, 1977, the Tourism Federation (FT) was created, which, in fact, had already existed for a number of years in the form of the Council for Mass Types of Tourism under the Belorussian Council for Tourism and Excursions and which was the predecessor of the current one ( since 1991) Sports Tourism Federation. When the federations of tourism were formed in 1977, there was no need to invent anything special, revolutionary. The structure already exists. Moreover, in Belarus, on the initiative of Yu. M. Kokorev, a tourist and mountaineer with pre-war experience, already in 1963 a body was formed that united the activities of all republican commissions by types and sections of work, including the commission for orienteering on the ground. Eduard Tochitsky was elected the first chairman of the Tourism Federation of the republic (1977). Five years later - Georgy Shishko, Alexander Bitus became the third chairman of the Federation (until 1991). The first two are masters of sports in mountaineering, A. Bitus is a master of sports in water tourism.

From 1971 to 1980 inclusive, all-Union (in a number of republics - republican) competitions for the best tourist trip are held. The form of carrying out - correspondence. This greatly simplifies the system of competitions, since any team that applied for participation and then submitted a report to the Ground Jury in a timely manner takes part in them.

Both the All-Union FT and the republican ones carried out a great deal of work by organizing sports and tourist gatherings. Already at the beginning of this period (1965-1980), the rules for competitions in the technique of water and mountain tourism were developed, later - for all other types of tourism included in the sports classification.

By the end of 1980, the All-Union Federation adopted a number of decisions that qualitatively changed the nature sports events: since 1981, all-Union competitions for the best tourist travel have been transferred to the rank of USSR championships, and tourist rallies are held in accordance with the rules of competitions in the technique of types of tourism. The prestige of the competition has increased markedly, and consequently, the level of technical complexity of both tourist routes and competition distances has increased. The first three championships of the USSR in sports tourism (1981, 1983, 1985 - the championships are held every two years) indicate a significant complication of the routes of sports tourist trips. Belarusian tourists successfully perform in these championships, which, starting from the last all-Union competitions for the best tourist trip (1977-1980), are confidently among the leaders of the highest level.

In the period from 1977 to 1991, the FT, like federations in other sports, had its own regional organizations (regional FT), as well as, although not long-lived, tourism federations of the DSO. Each regional center had its own tourist club with small states. Tourist clubs have also been established in many areas. In parallel, the tourist sections of the DSO of trade unions, tourist clubs of enterprises, organizations and universities, as well as the entire system of stations for young tourists, worked.

But the time of the 90s turned out to be a completely different time. Strictly speaking, this “new time” began earlier than the last decade of the 20th century. After a rather calm, unhurried, but progressive development of sports tourism in the period from 1965 to 1980, a completely different period begins - the period of the struggle for the survival of sports and tourism activities and the structure that provided this activity.

The “perestroika period”, which ended in 1991 with the collapse of the USSR, is changing the established order of things step by step. By the end of 1990, a decision was made to dissolve the All-Union Tourism Federation and create the Tourist and Sports Union of the USSR, which a year and a half later was transformed into the International Tourist and Sports Union. At the same time, in the most developed (in terms of sports and tourism) republics, there are already former USSR(Russia, Ukraine, Belarus) republican tourist and sports unions are created and sports tourism federations are preserved, representing tourism in the sports committees (ministries of sports) of these republics. With regard to “trade union guardianship”, since the late 80s, the trade unions have been gradually getting rid of amateur tourism, and by 1990 they were quite successfully coping with this. Sports tourism federations of the republics of the former USSR are becoming independent federations of sovereign states, - began new stage their history - in the tourist sports movement, the commercial component has noticeably increased. It consists in the fact that enough a large number of entrepreneurs from the tourism business, etc., are trying to find themselves in the sports tourism sector, believing that in the future it can bring significant financial and other dividends. The greatest interest is associated with the organization of business in the field of extreme, and simply say sports tourism, including training for the relevant tours. This trend is understandable and it naturally reflects the state of development of the entire country at the present stage. Therefore, we face a primitive, global privatization of the intellectual potential of sports tourism (ST), a complete disregard for security issues in the name of the main goal - to skim off the first cream as quickly as possible, to declare oneself, to privatize the promoted competitions. Any attempts on the part of the Federation to build a thoughtful and balanced system, taking into account all its features and searching for a niche for any actively thinking person, company, organization, etc. leads with opposite side to a behind-the-scenes struggle, throwing mud at the leaders of the Federation and reproaching them for their conservatism, delaying the release of long overdue guests, laws and instructions.

ST, like the whole country, enters the zone of greater state regulation of all processes, and as a result of this, there is more attention from the state for its development. Moreover, ST has become a kind of struggle zone of ministries and departments that are interested in its development and are in charge of sports, tourism and education. The reason for this lies in the ST itself, which is a complex mass sports and fitness technology, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, represents a fundamental basis for the development of commercial extreme tourism and the related system of training personnel of a wide profile: for national parks, recreation areas, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the system of tourist and youth clubs, the management sector, and the traditional direction - organizing and conducting sports trips, trips and tours.