The easiest way to ski braking with a plow. Lukoyanov P.I. Winter sports trips. Controlled fall braking
What does "in the plow" even mean? What it really means is that you have adopted a stance that allows you to control the speed at which you ski down the slope, as well as stop.
It is believed that the descent in the "plow" is not technically difficult to perform, so this element is great for beginners to learn.
Let's try to perform a stand in the "plough" in place.
To do this, you need to understand what this stance looks like and how to properly ski into it.
What does the plow stand look like?:
Connect the toes of the skis together, spread the heels to the sides. The optimal distance between the toes of skis is 5-8 cm;
- bend your ankles and knees;
- tilt your body forward;
- make your back round;
- Stretch your arms in front of you and slightly bend at the elbows;
- distribute body weight evenly on both skis;
- ski poles point back.
Remember! In addition to the new "plow" stance, there is also the main skier's stance, which we got acquainted with (knees bent, torso tilted forward, arms in front of you)
How to go into a plow stance on level ground
You can take this stance in place in several ways. Practice doing each of these before climbing the slope.
1. Leave one ski to the side:
Standing in the main stance (bend your knees, tilt your torso forward, keep your hands in front of you - more in), set one ski aside, and leave the other in its original place. Thus, you take the plow stance.
Tip: do not spread the ski toes wide. 5-8 cm is the ideal distance that should be between them.
3. We arrange the skis in a jump:
Arrange your skis in a jump. Jump up on the skis while spreading the heels of the skis and bringing their toes together.
Tip: Again, make sure your ski toes are not too wide apart. 5-8 cm is the ideal distance that should be between them.
4. We spread the heels:
Standing in the main stance, gradually straighten your knees and ankles, fully straightening your legs. Then bend them again, simultaneously pressing on the skis and spreading the heels. Thus, you take the plow stance.
Learning to slow down - descent in the "plow" in a straight line with braking.
After we have learned how to get into the “plough” on the spot, we can already train to do it on the move and stop at the end of the slope.
To do this, choose a gentle long slope with a roll out onto a flat surface. Otherwise, you risk falling, hitting, or being injured.
Go!
Climb the slope (how to climb the slope on skis and without - see);
- accept (bend your knees, tilt your torso forward, stretch your arms in front of you);
- start moving from the slope down in a straight line (we went downhill in a straight line);
- get ready to take the plow stance:
- straighten your legs, gradually straightening your knees;
- bend your knees, increasing the pressure on the skis, and spread the heels of the skis to the sides, forming a "plow" (we have already trained to do this exercise on the spot);
-Before rolling out, prepare for braking:
- shift your body weight to the inside edges (gradually press down on the skis with inside). This way you slow down.
Tip: if you suddenly feel that after descending in the "plow" your feet in your boots are numb - do not be alarmed. For beginner skiers, this is normal. :)
Trying to control the speed during the descent
With the help of the stance in the "plow" learned today, you can adjust your speed on the slope:
- take the stand "plow" on the slope;
- start moving down in the plow stance - just slide down the slope;
- to control the speed, gradually unbend your legs and bend them again, pressing on the inner edges of the ski, changing the distance between the heels of the skis.
Due to this, you will increase or decrease the speed. The larger the angle between the heels of the skis, the slower you roll down, the smaller this angle, the faster you pick up speed.
We stop on the slope in the right place
Often on the slope while skiing, it becomes necessary to arrive at the planned place. For example, drive up to an instructor or a friend, or just slow down at a cafe. :) Learning to stop at the right place on skis.
Set a conditional boundary for yourself on the slope. For example, mark it with ski poles. Set yourself the task of slowing down in this place.
Start moving:
Climb a gentle slope;
- take the stand "plow";
- straighten and bend your knees, increasing the pressure on the skis and the distance between the heels of the skis.
- slowly push the skis from their inside (on the inside edges) - the more you push the skis, the faster they will stop.
Important: One of the most common mistakes beginners make is the wrong distribution of weight on skis. Therefore, always make sure to give the skis the same load over their entire surface, i.e. for loaded skis. To do this, try to evenly distribute body weight.
If you have a feeling that only one ski slows down, and the second rides on the edge (on the edge) and just "hangs" in the air, then most likely you are loading one ski more than the other, it seems to block your ability to go into the "plough" "And it's hard to slow down because of that.
If you are unable to distribute body weight evenly, and one ski is constantly blocking the passage, then the following exercise will be very useful to you.
Driveways in the "plow" diagonally
That ski that constantly blocks your passage, i.e. does not slow down, but rides on the edge, put it down the slope and take the plow stance. Then start moving - you will ride diagonally mainly on this ski.
Climb the slope;
- stand not straight in the direction of the descent, but diagonally;
- That ski that constantly blocks your passage, i.e. does not slow down, but rides on the edge, put it down the slope;
- take the stand "plow";
- start the movement from the slope in this stance, just rolling down the slope;
- you will be riding diagonally mostly on the problem ski, so get used to properly loading the "problem" leg.
So, in this lesson, we learned a new plow stance, learned how to control the speed in this stance on a straight descent and stop with it.
Next time we will learn how to make turns in the plow.
Step by step instructions for the second lesson
1. Take the plow stance in place:
Stand in a plow stance - connect the toes of the skis together, spread the heels to the sides, sit down a little and tilt the pelvis forward, the ski poles look back.
You can stand in place leaving one or two skis at once to the sides, in a jump. And also spreading your heels (fully straighten your legs, and then bend them out again, increasing pressure on the skis and spreading your heels)
2. We go down and slow down
:
- Start the descent in the main stance (skis parallel to each other);
- while moving, take a plow stance, spreading your heels to the sides;
- to slow down, transfer your body weight to the inner edges of the skis and you will gradually stop;
- try to stop at the point you need.
3. Try to control the downhill speed in the plow stance: to go slower, shift your body weight to the inside edges of the skis (as when braking). To go faster - reduce the pressure on the inside edges.
4. Driving in the plow diagonally: stand sideways to the slope. If one of your skis does not slow down during braking, but rides on the edge, put it down the slope. Roll in the plow stance.
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Bliss N Eso feat. The Connections Zulu Choir - Bullet and a target;
Kevin Mccall
The use of one or another descent stance with a uniform distribution of body weight on both skis through the center of the support area allows you to maintain balance, eliminates tipping of the body, provides ski control, and reduces the resistance force of the oncoming air flow.
Depending on the degree of bending of the legs in the hip and knee joints and the angle of inclination of the torso, the stances taken by the skier during the descent are conditionally divided into high, medium and low.
high rack characterized by a slight bending of the legs at the knee joints (about 150 degrees) and an almost identical angle of inclination of the torso and shins.
Middle (main) rack provides the least force of resistance to the oncoming air flow due to slightly greater bending of the legs at the knee joints (about 130 degrees) and tilting the body almost parallel to the slope.
The middle rack option is rest stand, in which the skier straightens his knees somewhat, increases the inclination of the torso, rests his forearms on his hips and almost connects his hands. This position creates favorable conditions for reducing the degree of tension in the muscles of the trunk, legs and arms. Many amateur skiers prefer the rest stance.
low rack involves the passage of the descent with the greatest bending of the legs in the knee joints and maintaining the inclination of the body parallel to the slope. This position of the skier on the slope greatly fatigues the muscles of the legs, which limits the use of a low stance by amateurs.
To bumps on the slope include the most common hillocks, depressions, bulges, counter slopes. In these sections of the slope, the main task is to avoid falling due to loss of balance. This is achieved primarily by straightening the trajectory of the center of gravity of the skier's body mass. When the bump lifts the skier, he must crouch and take a low stance. If the unevenness lowers it, the skier needs to stand up in a higher stance. This combination of squatting in high sections and straightening in low sections allows you to maintain balance (Fig. 62).
On different sections of the descent, the skier often encounters a sharp change in the state of the snow cover. In the spring, for example, a hard frosty ski track in the shade of a forest in a clearing turns into a soft one heated by the sun. On a frosty day, a hard track is sometimes replaced by loose snow. In these external conditions, there is a sharp decrease in speed and, in order not to fall forward, the skier must tilt the body back and push one leg forward.
Braking technique
Braking methods are used to reduce the high speed developed on the descent. which often, especially among amateur skiers, causes fear and fear of falling.
There are 3 classifications of downhill braking: ski braking (often used); stick braking (rarely used); fall braking (used in an emergency). Moreover, ski braking is divided into 3 types: - “plow”, focus and less often side slip ..
Braking« plow» performed with both skis on straight slopes with fairly dense snow cover. To do this, the skier from sliding on parallel skis smoothly and symmetrically spreads the heels of both skis to the sides, puts the skis on the inner ribs, evenly distributes body weight on both legs, without allowing the ski toes to cross (Fig. 63, frame 2). The degree of braking, up to a stop, is directly dependent on the angle of breeding skis.
Stop braking( “semi-plow”) is performed with one ski for a slight decrease in speed (braking). The skier transfers body weight to the ski going in the direction of travel. He takes the heel of the second ski to the side, puts the ski at an angle and turns it over on the inner edge (Fig. 63, frame 1). The degree of speed reduction depends on the angle of retraction of the braking ski to the side, the amount of edge and load it with body weight.
Side slip brakingniem used on steep slopes. Skis are placed across the slope, resting with the upper edges on the slope. (Fig.63, frame3).
Controlled fall braking justified only as an extreme measure of an emergency stop on the descent in case of a sudden obstacle in front of the skier, when it becomes necessary to brake sharply or even stop. The fall must be controlled. Algorithm: lower the GMC (low rack level); falling on the side with skis across the slope, hands with sticks together with rings back ..
Cross-country skiing is one of the most popular winter views sports. From skiing it differs in technique and equipment used. Everyone can learn to ride - it's not difficult at all. In this article, we will tell you everything.
Where is the best place to learn to ski for a beginner?
When choosing where to cross-country ski, choose a nearby park or stadium. If no one has skied before you and there is no ski track, you will need to lay it. It is better to choose not virgin snow, but places with compacted snow, where it will be easier to slide, and the sticks will not fall through much. Lay the track in such a way that you have one or two long (about 50 meters), but not very steep ascents on your way. When riding uphill, you will strengthen your muscles well.Great if you have the opportunity to ski base. Snow is rolled here by special machines, and the ski track is cut by a cutter. No bushes, no bumps, no stones will interfere with you.
Cross-country skiing technique
First, you need to stretch and warm up well. Stretch and strain everything muscle groups on the legs and arms. Special attention spend stretching the thighs and lower legs, as well as warming up the joints of the legs and arms. This will allow you to better control body movements.Cross-country skiing begins with mastering the correct stance: your knees, shoulders and feet should be in the same vertical plane. One of common mistakes beginners is that they use the "rear rack". The center of gravity shifts back, and the chances of falling and getting injured increase markedly.
In order to avoid falls when learning skiing technique, you need to constantly imagine that there is something behind your back that you can never sit on. Bend your legs slightly at the knees, but do not move back - you should be able to see the hands. Keep your elbows lightly on the sides of your body. Fix the position and repeat it often. It is also important to learn how to fall correctly, and we will talk about this in more detail at the end of the article.
There are two main styles of cross-country skiing:
Classical. It involves all muscle groups - both lower and upper.
- Skating. Mainly strengthens internal muscles hips and sides of the body.
Today we will talk about classic course cross-country skiing. Getting on your skis and taking correct stance, try to slide a little. Just sharply alternately move your legs forward, and you will understand how much effort you need to apply to slide. You will realize that moving forward requires tensing your legs. You can start learning cross-country skiing without poles.
To move, move your left foot forward, and press your right foot down. Don't try to push off, just push. Next, shift your weight to your left foot, lifting the second ski off the track. The arms should follow the movements of the legs. If you started with the right foot, right hand should be in front, and the left behind the body. To keep moving, push off with your left ski and keep sliding. Having caught the rhythm, the sliding process will be greatly facilitated.
When you learn how to confidently slide on the snow, take sticks. Starting the movement with a push of your right foot into the snow and transferring the weight to your left, stick your left stick and make a push - you will accelerate. When pushing off with your left foot, accelerate with your right stick. When moving the stick, stick closer to you and do not stretch your arms.
When a small hillock comes across on the way, climb it "herringbone". Turn the toes outward and keep the ankles inward so that the edges of the skis dig into the snow better for better traction. Maintain balance with sticks, transferring part of your body weight to them.
Climbing up the hill, you have to go down from it. Lean forward, but not too much or you may lose your balance. At first, point the ends of the skis so that they stick into the snow with their near edge, and slowly descend in small steps.
Learn how to ski turns and brake
It is impossible to learn how to ski safely without learning how to turn, brake and fall correctly.turns
Learning to turn is not difficult, but you need to practice, having worked out the basic techniques. When driving on level ground or gentle slopes, the step turn method can be used. To turn left, you need to shift your body weight by right leg, and put the left one at an angle to the side, and pull the right one to it, etc. Do not place the ski at a strong angle so as not to fall, and to quickly turn, you just need to step over more often.Braking
The most popular way of braking on cross-country skis is the so-called "plow". To slow down or stop, it is necessary to straighten the legs springily and, moving the body weight from the heels to the toes, spread the rear ends of the skis with strong pressure. They will stand on the inner ribs, and the socks will line up. In this case, the knees must be brought together, and the body weight should be distributed on both skis and lean back slightly. To enhance braking, you should spread the skis more and put them on the ribs more.How to fall down while skiing
Regardless of skiing style, every skier needs to know how to fall correctly, so if you choose to cross-country ski, make sure you are familiar with proper fall technique.When learning to cross-country ski, it is important to practice a few tricks that will make riding safer and more comfortable. It is better to fall on your side, spreading your arms wide. When falling, it is necessary to strain the muscles, which will prevent rotation on slopes, and on a flat surface it will protect against injury. It is necessary to work out the falls several times, having learned to control them. Source -
SKI EQUIPMENT
The correct technique for skiing under a backpack, descending, turning, braking, climbing, overcoming natural obstacles - essential condition successful campaign, fast movement on the route with the least effort, without injuries and accidents. Inept possession of skiing technique, on the contrary, sharply reduces the pace of movement, leads to frequent falls.
This can result in bruises and broken skis. A fall on a slope can also trigger an avalanche.
The difference in the technical readiness of the participants often leads to a stretching of the group, when some run far ahead, while others lag behind. When descending, the less trained prefer to overcome the slope without skis, which causes a break in the group and makes it difficult, if necessary, to provide timely assistance to the stragglers, and moving in different ways and finding some tourists above others is potentially dangerous in case of breakdowns of the upper participants.
Therefore, the leader of the trip should be especially concerned with teaching the members of the group the most important techniques of skiing, training in mastering them when moving with a heavy backpack. To ensure safety, eliminate the possibility of injury and save equipment, you need to start training on flat, gentle slopes and gradually move to steeper, more complex configurations.
SKIING WITH A BACKPACK
On a hiking trip, a heavy backpack, the need for ski tracks and rough terrain do not allow the wide use of high-speed ski moves. All the diversity of their tourist practice has been reduced to rational alternating two-step (sliding) and alternating four-step (“backward”) move. In some cases, simultaneous moves are also used.
The nature of the movement of the hands is taken as the basis for such a classification: when repulsion is performed alternately by each hand, the move is alternate, and when both hands are taken at once, it is simultaneous.
Alternating (sliding) running is the main way for tourists to move on a flat and slightly hilly terrain with any snow cover. It consists in the alternating movement of the legs and arms (as when walking with a wide step), completed by sliding on skis, which is facilitated by hand pushes. A good degree of mastery of this method is evidenced by sliding on one ski at a distance of 2-3 m (although the masters of the ski track achieve a roll of 5 m or more). It is especially important to learn how to smoothly transfer the weight of the body to the forward leg. The other leg, after the end of the push, is slightly bent at the knee (at this time the muscles relax and rest), and the heel of the ski comes off the snow.
Rice. 1. Alternate two-step move.
The alternating stroke cycle can be conditionally divided into six positions (Fig. 1): a - the right leg and is advanced forward and the weight of the body tilted in the direction of movement begins to be transferred to it (sliding position on both skis), the right hand is brought forward; b - after the end of the push, the right leg from the extreme position, slightly bent at the knee (the heel of the ski rises), begins to move forward, the right stick is stuck with a pin at the level of the toe of the right boot; c - the flywheel (right) leg smoothly descends onto the snow and slips forward, the weight of the body gradually begins to be transferred to it; g - this position is called a roll, i.e. sliding on both skis for some time. The right leg continues forward. The weight of the body is still on the left leg, which is preparing to push. Left hand finished the push and with a stick is carried forward; t, e - left leg starts the push with the simultaneous completion of the push with the right stick. Further, all movements are repeated in a new cycle with the right leg and left arm moving forward.
Naturally, the degree of skiing is not the same for everyone. Therefore, with some participants in the campaign, you may have to work out. Start in the ready-to-go skier's pose, imitating hand pushes without poles. After that, practice pushing with your feet (exercise "scooter"). Complete the study of the technique by alternating repulsion with the legs and swinging the arms. After making sure that the pushing leg does not slip, the weight of the body is transferred to the forward leg smoothly, and the roll reaches 1 m or more, you can begin to improve the alternating two-step move using sticks.
The alternating four-step move (“backward”) differs from the sliding one in that two steps are first performed without pushing with sticks. In the third step, the arm of the same name with the leg is pulled up, the push of which follows immediately after this step. A push with the other hand completes the fourth step. A typical mistake is throwing the sticks to the side and wobbling the body.
On gentle slopes with dense snow cover, you can go down skating(reminiscent of skating) or speed up movement due to simultaneous pushes with sticks (stepless move). At the same time, the torso tilt forward during the completion of the push with sticks should not cause the backpack to slip over the neck.
OVERCOMING OBSTACLES ON SKIING
Breakage of skis and various injuries are, as a rule, the result of the inability to overcome obstacles encountered on the track.
Rice. 2. Overcoming a ditch and a log.
Trough-shaped ditches somewhat narrower than the length of the skis are overcome as follows (Fig. 2): with one ski, you should carefully slide into the ditch, avoiding the toe of the ski to rest on the opposite slope, put both sticks in the middle of the ditch and, leaning on them, smoothly transfer the second ski through the ditch, put it on the opposite slope, transfer the weight of the body to it, release the first ski from the load and move it beyond the ditch. A typical mistake is an attempt to put a ski with an emphasis on the toe and heel on the slopes of the ditch, which leads to breakage of the skis.
To overcome individual fallen trees, ice gliders and zastrugs on the ski track, it is necessary to release the leg from the load when approaching the obstacle, make a wide lunge forward with it and place the ski with the cargo platform on the obstacle, after which, without slowing down the pace of movement, raise the toe of the second ski, move it over obstacle and lower behind it (see Fig. 79). Trees on the track can also be overcome like this: stand sideways close to the tree and, leaning on sticks (one of which is placed on the other side of the tree), alternately transfer the skis behind the tree.
Skiing on hummocky ice consists of repeatedly overcoming large and small pits, ditches and mounds in a labyrinth of a chaotic heap of ice floes. When descending from hummocks, it should be prevented from sticking ski toes into ice floes on the move. Better maneuverability and greater speed are achieved by using several shorter skis and individual torpedo-type drags that easily pass along the skier's path.
One of the laborious obstacles of the winter route is deep snow. The speed of the group in these conditions depends on the physical fitness of the participants and the ability to choose rational way"punching" of the ski.
When moving towards a clearly visible distant landmark, along a clearing, a riverbed, i.e. when the leader does not need to constantly control the direction, a trailing method is used, conventionally called a “carousel”. It consists in the alternate change of guides after a period of time set by the head. The deeper and “heavier” the snow, the shorter the time of trailing by one participant. In this case, two people walking in front can change at the same time.
In the forest, in a snowstorm and at night, the leader, if he walks at the end of the group, does not see the front participants and cannot imagine the actual direction of their movement. He has to shout or pass commands along the chain, which often leads to confusion. In such cases, it is advisable to break the groups into subgroups, for example, 3 people each, who take turns trailing the track. The leader, following the trailers, sees them all, and his commands, without straining his voice, reach the direct leader. Those participating in the trail independently replace each other, standing in front of the leader. The tired group, by order of the leader, goes back, and the next one comes out instead. This method in tourist practice has received the name "small carousel".
In very deep and wet snow, tracing a ski track can be assigned to 2-3 maximum unloaded members of the group. Their property is distributed among other participants who move along the beaten track.
In some cases, a "shuttle" is used: part of the group, leaving their backpacks, trails the ski track and, having covered a certain distance, at the direction of the leader, leaves the ski track and returns for them. At the place of change, the second group leaves their backpacks and goes forward. The first group on the finished track catches up with the second and starts tracking again. In a snowstorm, with poor visibility and in difficult terrain, this method should not be used.
Those who feel unwell or very tired do not participate in trailing by decision of the leader and with the consent of the group. They walk in the middle of the group.
SKIING THE SLOPES
Successful overcoming of slopes of different steepness and nature of snow cover on skis is possible when all participants master the techniques of ascents, descents, braking and turning with a heavy backpack on their backs. A backpack, especially easel, increases the moment of inertia during the evolution of the skier and often leads to falls. Therefore, the technique that is successfully performed with a heavy backpack can be considered worked out.
Rice. 3. Symbols and terms: 1 - descent in a zigzag; 2 - oblique descent; 3 - direct descent; 4 - internal: arm, leg, ski, ski edge; 5 - external: arm, leg, ski, ski edge. a - there is no load on the skis; b - the ski is loaded slightly; skiing accounts for most of the skier's weight.
Considering that the vast majority of classified sports routes run through mountainous terrain with slopes of various nature and complexity, the possession of ski equipment is now becoming mandatory for skiers. You cannot consider yourself truly prepared for such trips if you do not have the ability to intelligently and confidently operate on difficult slopes, as well as without some refinement of ski bindings. On fig. 80 are given conventions, making it easier to understand how to turn, brake, and descend.
LIFTS
Depending on the steepness and length of the slope, as well as the nature of the snow cover, the ascent can be carried out in stepping steps, herringbone, half-herringbone, ladder, oblique ladder and zigzag (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. Ways of skiing, depending on the steepness of the slope.
Stepping, step up on flat and gentle slopes. In this case, the torso should be tilted slightly more forward, and the hands should lean more strongly on the sticks. When "returning" the skis must be set with a swat. They rise in a half-herringbone on steeper slopes, moving obliquely along them: the ski, which is higher up the slope, is placed in the direction of movement, and the other is somewhat turned to the side. Herringbone lift is used on slopes of medium steepness: the toes of the skis are widely spread apart, and the skis are firmly placed on the inner ribs, alternately resting on sticks, the pins of which are stuck in the snow behind the skis. So that the ski socks do not bury themselves in the snow when rearranging, you should simultaneously lift the toe of the boot and press on the heel.
On steep and steep slopes, it is best to climb with a ladder: standing sideways to the slope, sequentially rearrange the skis and poles. On slopes with a hard snow cover, the ski should be placed with a slap on the edge. On wide slopes, when climbing with a straight ladder is impossible due to shedding of snow, it is necessary to climb obliquely with a ladder - at the same time as climbing, move forward a little.
On long, non-avalanche-prone slopes of medium steepness, it is advisable to climb in a zigzag, moving in a sliding step, half-herringbone or a ladder obliquely. In order not to “cut” the snow on the slope, the sections of the path from the whirlpool to the turn should be laid no more than 30 m - length under the cover of individual trees, bushes, stones, icy areas. The steepness of the path is chosen so that the skis do not roll back and do not have to "walk on their hands", relying heavily on sticks, which is tiring.
Rice. 5. Swivel 180°.
Change of direction of movement is made by turning "circle" back to the slope. Before starting the turn, it is necessary to put the skis parallel to the slope in order to avoid slipping down. Then lift the ski located below the slope with a swing of the foot and rearrange the toe in the desired direction. When performing this movement, you need to lean on a stick stuck above the ski, and take the other one to the side so that it does not interfere with rearranging the first ski. Next, rearrange the second ski in the right direction. Reception is performed smoothly, without jerks (Fig. 82). It is not recommended to turn around from the “facing the slope” position: in case of loss of balance, the fall will occur on the back down the slope, which will make it difficult to quickly self-hold. When changing direction, there is a danger of falling on a friend standing down the slope.
Rice. 6. Zigzag rise.
Descents
Injuries are received mainly during descents - retribution for recklessness and inept possession of the techniques of descents, braking and turning, the combination of which consists of skiing down the mountains. Depending on the steepness of the slope and the nature of the snow cover, the stand and method of descent are selected.
Before starting the descent, the cable of the ski bindings must be led through the hooks on the sides of the ski under the middle of the foot.
Rice. 7. Descent in a high stance.
On flat and gentle slopes with deep snow, they usually go down in a high stance (Fig. 7): the legs are slightly bent at the knees, the skis are placed almost close to each other, the body is slightly tilted forward, the arms are half-bent at the elbows, the sticks are held back by rings; to avoid injury, try never to bring them forward.
In the middle stance they descend on steeper slopes: skis are 15-20 cm wide, the body is tilted forward, the legs are bent at the knees so that the toes of the boots are visible. Descending a slope with uneven snow cover is characterized by an increase in speed on dense snow and sharp braking on loose snow, which usually leads to loss of balance and falling forward. To maintain stability, you need to do a stretch - one leg with a ski to push forward. With an increase in the braking torque, in order to extinguish the jerk of the body forward, the leg must be extended even further and more bent at the knee.
In a low stance, they descend on steeper slopes such as a ledge: you need to strongly bend your knees, sit down, tilt your torso and carry your arms forward.
The descent in a straight line is carried out on gentle and well-visible slopes, avoiding strong acceleration. With an increase in speed, it is necessary to use various braking techniques, up to a fall, remembering that it is better to do this intentionally than losing control over yourself.
On steep slopes (without signs of avalanche danger!), When braking does not provide the desired speed, you should go down in a zigzag, turning in the right direction on the move or after stopping. Each participant usually descends in their own way. When descending one ski track, for example, in conditions of limited visibility, you can “extinguish” the speed by rolling out one or both skis on fresh snow, as well as braking with poles.
Side slipping usually descends from steep, short slopes, without steep sections. To do this, you need to put the skis parallel to the slope and, by pressing on the outer ribs, reduce the adhesion of the skis to the snow until the moment the slide begins. In the case of an increase in speed, the emphasis on the inner edges of the skis should be increased. This technique can be performed both when descending obliquely to the slope, and without moving forward - straight down.
Ladder descent is used on steeper slopes, excluding descents in a zigzag and slipping. On a slope with loose snow, the skis must be traced, compacting the steps and preventing the snow from slipping. On a slope with a snowy or icy surface, the skis are put on the edge with a slam. In all cases, reliance on ski poles is required. The most common downhill mistake is bending the body to the "corner" position and trying to brake with sticks. This position of the body does not provide stability, especially when descending with a backpack, and the poles put forward often lead to serious injuries.
Rice. 8. Movement on difficult slopes.
The main condition for successful movement on difficult slopes, combining ledges, mounds, pits and oncoming slopes, is to maintain constant contact of skis with snow and stability. This is achieved by changing the position of the body so that the center of gravity is always at the same level in height, regardless of the unevenness of the slope (Fig. 8). Starting the descent from the ledge, you need to sit down and take a low stance, and as the slope flattens out, smoothly straighten your body. Approaching the hillock, you need to bend your legs and, having freed the skis from the load, give them the opportunity to gently climb the hillock, otherwise they will run into it, the speed will drop sharply and the skier will fall forward by inertia or be thrown over the hillock and may fall. Overcoming the pit comes down to a skillful descent from the ledge and rolling onto the hillock. The descent with rollout to the opposite slope begins in the middle or low stance, with a gradual straightening of the body as the slope flattens. Before the oncoming slope, it is necessary to group again, as in front of a hillock. As your speed slows down on an oncoming slope, you should quickly turn around using the stepping turn and continue downhill in the desired direction or stop on the slope.
BRAKING
Mastery of all methods of braking allows you to intelligently regulate the speed of descent and quickly stop at the desired place.
Rice. 9. Braking with a semi-plow (one-sided stop).
Semi-plow braking (one-sided stop) is practiced mainly when descending obliquely down the slope. For braking, the footplate of the ski, located below the slope, is taken to the side, and the ski is placed on the edge; the second ski slides in the direction of travel.
For sharper braking, it is necessary to press the heel of the boot even more to take the heel of the lower ski, put it steeper on the edge and increase the pressure (Fig. 9).
Rice. 10. Plow braking (two-sided stop).
Plow braking (double-sided stop) is used on slopes of medium and small steepness with straight descents: holding the socks together, spread the heels of the skis to the sides and put the skis on the inner ribs, which is achieved by bringing the knees closer together and transferring the weight to the heels. To enhance the braking efficiency, the heels of the skis should be further apart and placed more steeply on the inner ribs (Fig. 10).
Braking with sticks is used when descending obliquely to the slope or when descending straight. To do this, stick the sticks put together with pins into the snow and, increasing the indentation, slow down the movement. The hand, which is closer to the slope, wraps around the stick from above, and the other - below (Fig. 11). Braking with sticks between the legs is not desirable for a number of reasons, including because of the possibility of breakage of the sticks.
The fall stop is used in emergency cases when you need to quickly stop the descent. To do this, you need to sit down as low as possible and fall to one side, throwing your hands with sticks back, spread out, put your skis across the direction of the descent and, resting them on the snow, slow down further slipping. A typical mistake is a fall without preliminary grouping of the body, which can lead to bruises (Fig. 12).
Rice. 12. Fall stop: a-squat before falling; b-position of the fallen skier at the moment of stopping.
turns
A heavy backpack behind your back and bindings that do not provide a rigid fixation of the boot do not allow you to use the turns that are widespread among skiers. Tourists-skiers use the simplest turns: stepping over, from the position of a plow and a semi-plow.
The stepover turn is used at low speed on gentle slopes and in any type of snow cover. It is reminiscent of skating, where stronger pushes are made with the foot located on the outside of the turning arc. To do this, you need to transfer the weight of the body to the ski, which will be “outer” when turning, and slightly sit on it, pull up and turn the other ski in the right direction, transfer the weight of the body to it and, sliding on this (inner) ski, pull up the other. Stepping in motion can be performed by moving aside not the toe, but the heels of the skis. This method is usually used when driving in the forest and bushes.
Rice. 13. Turning with a semi-plow (left) and a plow: a - the beginning of ski loading; b - continuing to increase the load on the ski until the turn is completed.
Turning from plow position (fig. 13) is usually applied after slowing down the speed of descent on slopes of medium steepness in any snow type. To turn, for example, to the left, you need to transfer the weight of the body to the right foot, put the ski steeply on the edge, and unload the left and, pulling up the heel, put it parallel to the right.
Turning from the semi-plow position (Fig. 14) is carried out at higher speeds and steep slopes, when the direction of movement must be changed in smooth turns. It is more convenient to start it from the descent obliquely to the slope: the heel of the unloaded “upper” ski should be taken to the side, the ski should be placed on the edge and the weight of the body should be transferred to it, and the “lower” should be placed flat on the snow and the heel should be pulled up, due to which the turn is carried out .
Getting up after falling down. Skiers must learn to get up after falls on the slopes. The first rule is that the help of comrades who has fallen, especially a woman, is obligatory.
Rice. 14. Getting up when falling on a slope with dense snow: 1 - the sticks are grabbed by the hand from below; 2 - the same from above.
When falling on slopes with deep and loose snow cover, when reliance on sticks has no effect (they fall into the snow under load), it is most reasonable to remove the backpack, turn around so that the skis are below the body and perpendicular to the slope line, group the body and, leaning stand up on sticks laid together on the snow, shake off the snow and put on a backpack, attempts to get up in such conditions without removing the backpack are usually unsuccessful, and a lot of time and effort is wasted.
On a slope with hard snow, you should pull the skis to the body, firmly rest them in the snow and, leaning on sticks stacked together, rise (Fig. 91). Strong skiers do it without taking off their pack.
SKI BRAKING METHODS
Braking is applied when it is necessary to reduce speed or to
full stop. The main methods of braking include: braking by changing the landing gear, “plow”, “semi-plow”, stop, side slip, braking with sticks.
Braking by changing the descent rack. This method is used on the rollout when descending from the mountains by changing the stance. For example, from a low stance, a skier moves to the main stance, and then to a high stance, changing the angle of bending the legs in the knee joints and straightening the torso.
Plow braking. This method is used for straight descents on gentle slopes. Braking is carried out evenly by two skis. The skier puts them on the inside ribs with the heels spread apart. The outer ribs are slightly raised. The knees come together, the heels of the boots press on the skis. The more the skier tilts his knees inward, bringing them closer and lowering them, the steeper the skis are placed on the edge and the stronger the braking.
The same thing happens when spreading the heels of the skis to the sides: the wider the “plow”, the stronger the braking. The angle of spreading the skis and their loading depend on the speed of the skier on the descent, the required braking and the nature of the snow cover.
"Semi-plow" braking is a kind of "plow" braking. It is used only on gentle descents, on the plain or rolling out from the descents and if there is
ski tracks. It is carried out as follows: one ski remains in the track, the other performs the same movements as when braking with a “plough”.
Stop braking. This method is used when descending obliquely or on a flat rolled slope, as well as for an abrupt stop on the plain.
When braking on the plain, the weight of the body is transferred to the inner ski, and the outer ski is sharply taken away with the heel to the side and turned over.
The toe of the outer ski is pushed forward a little, the skier is turned around, after turning the inner ski is attached to the outer one.
Side slip braking. This method is used on steep slopes and when descending obliquely.
When descending from the slope, they squat slightly, then sharply straighten up and, with a lateral movement of the ankle joints, bring the heels of the skis to the side. This is helped by the counter rotational movement of the torso and shoulders, as well as additional support on the stick. The amount of braking force depends on the tilting of the skis. For sudden braking or even a complete stop on a steep slope, you need to put the skis across the slope and steeply on the edge.
Brakingsticks. This method is used only at low speeds. The skier with a sharp blow puts the sticks forward, as if starting from them. The hands are slightly further apart than when performing ski moves.
| Intentional fall braking. This is an emergency stop. It is used in exceptional cases, when an obstacle suddenly appears on the descent, and the distance to it is too small. The way to safely fall is as follows: before falling, you need to sit down, and then fall, as if successively sitting in the snow back - to the side - on the thigh and on the side. At the same time, the skis should be turned across the slope. Spread your arms to the sides, throw the rings of sticks back. |
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| Fall braking: a - fall; b - getting up |
There are several ways to get up after a fall: 1) sit down, bend your legs, lean on sticks and, holding your skis on the ribs across the slope, stand up; 2) with one hand, grasp the handles of the sticks, with the other - the sticks at the rings (legs), push off and stand up; 3) place the skis parallel, push off the slope with your hands and stand up.
If the skis were crossed during the fall, it is necessary to roll over on your back, raise your legs up and bring the skis to the normal position. Then roll over on your side, place your skis across the slope and stand up.
