Monitoring the implementation by young athletes of the doctor's recommendations for health reasons, training and rest regimen. Periods and methods of preparation Training stage of preparation
Volume ratio training process by types of training at the stages of sports training
Table #3
| Sections of preparation | Stages and years of sports training |
|||
| First stage | Educational and training stage |
|||
| 1 year | Over a year | Up to two years | Over two years |
|
| General physical preparation(%) | 60-65 | 50-55 | 30-35 | 30-35 |
| Special physical training(%) | 20-25 | 30-35 | 45-50 | 48-53 |
| Theoretical training (%) | 10-15 | 5-10 | 4-9 | 2-7 |
| Tactical technical, psychological training (%) | 7-12 | 8-13 | 15-20 | 10-15 |
| Participation in competitions, coaching and refereeing (%) | 0,5-1 | 3-5 | 4-6 | 7-8 |
Minimum indicators of competitive load
The development of various aspects of preparedness of young athletes is uneven. At one age, the growth of some qualities predominates, at another, others. This program maintains the proportionality of the development of the main physical qualities young athletes, with a degree of development of physical qualities. The knowledge of age physiology is taken as a basis - the features of the development of the child's body, as well as the model characteristics of rowers high level readiness. Individualization is carried out according to several criteria: by age, gender, anthropometric characteristics, biological maturation. This is especially true of competitive activity, which is built on the basis of technical and tactical skills.
A necessary condition for the competitive activity of young rowers is the use of sports equipment and equipment that meets their age and physical development. This allows you to improve the techniques and actions from the first steps of training, in a mode close to the competitive one.
Planned indicators of competitive activity in kayaking and canoeing.
Table No. 4
| Kinds competitions | Stages and years of sports training |
|||
| Stage initial training | Educational and training stage |
|||
| Up to a year | Over a year | Up to two years | Over two years |
|
| Control | 1-2 | 2-4 | 2-6 | 4-8 |
| Qualifiers | - | 1-2 | 2-4 | 2-4 |
| Main | - | - | 2-3 | 2-4 |
Methods for determining effectiveness:
performance in competitions;
general and special testing physical training;
fulfillment of rank requirements.
In general physical training: the development of physical qualities in general terms and taking into account the specifics of kayaking and canoeing, the development of skills to compete individually and in team boats. During the year, in accordance with the plan of the annual cycle, fulfill the control standards corresponding to the age and year of study.
For special physical training: performing special exercises for evaluation and passing control standards in accordance with the requirements of each year of study.
For technical and tactical training: to know and be able to perform elements of technology and tactics in accordance with the program material.
For theoretical training: to know and be able to put into practice the program material corresponding to the year of study.
At the stage of initial training: formation of a wide range of motor skills and abilities; mastering the basics of technology in the sport of rowing and canoeing; comprehensive harmonious development of physical qualities; improving the health of athletes.
At the training stage: increasing the level of general and special physical, technical, tactical and psychological preparation; gaining experience and achieving stability in performance at official sports competitions; formation of sports motivation; improving the health of athletes.
METHODOLOGICAL PART
This section reflects the main tasks and focus of work by stages many years of preparation young rowers. The mode of training work per week is taken into account for 52 weeks: 46 weeks in conditions of direct sports school, 6 weeks - in a sports camp or individual plans for the period of their active rest. With an increase in the total annual volume of hours, the share (share) of loads on technical-tactical, special physical training increases.
The distribution of time in the curriculum into the main sections of training by year of study is carried out in accordance with the specific tasks of long-term training. At each stage, tasks are set, taking into account the age of those involved and their capabilities, the requirements for training high-class rowers for regional teams and crews of the highest ranks in the future.
Initial training stage (NP) - the stage of preliminary sports training. At this stage, students are enrolled general education schools who wish to practice rowing and canoeing and have written permission from a pediatrician. At the stage of initial training, physical culture and health-improving and educational work is carried out, aimed at versatile physical training and mastering the basics of rowing technique, the implementation of control standards for enrolling in the training stage of training.
The basic principle of educational and training work is the universality of training students.
Program objectives for initial stage training:
health promotion and promotion of correct versatile physical development, strengthening of the musculoskeletal system, education of speed, agility and flexibility;
training in the basics of rowing technique both in a canoe and in a kayak, initial training in tactical actions;
training in the handling of sports equipment and equipment;
learning the stroke pattern as a whole;
training in the preservation and management of the boat in difficult conditions;
preparation for the implementation of regulatory requirements by type of training.
Educational and training stage (UT) - stage of sports specialization. The stage is formed on a competitive basis from healthy students and students with poor health (admitted to classes as a pediatrician, who have completed the necessary training for at least one year and have fulfilled the admission standards for general and special training.
The basic principle of educational and training work is the universality of training students with elements of specialization in rowing.
The objectives of the program at the training stage of preparation:
strengthening health and hardening of the body, promoting proper physical development, increasing the level of general physical fitness, the development of special physical abilities necessary for the improvement of technology and tactics;
formation efficient technique rowing at the optimal speed and its strong mastery, using body weight;
mastering the optimal structure of movements during rowing at a moderate pace, the formation of specific sensations of the rower;
mastering the technique of rowing in multi-seat boats on different numbers;
training in the elements of competitive activity (start, turns, leading and rowing behind the leader, finishing);
expanding the range of special motor skills;
training in diary skills, training recording systems and data analysis
acquisition of skills in organizing and conducting rowing competitions, judging, training training sessions, fulfillment of youthful and adult categories (3rd and 4th year.
Methodological recommendations for conducting training sessions
The main forms of the training process are group training and theoretical classes, work according to individual plans, participation in competitions, medical rehabilitation activities, training camps, instructor and referee practice.
According to the direction, the following forms of lesson classes are distinguished:
training sessions: training in rowing technique, training in the theory of kayaking and canoeing;
training sessions: development of physical qualities and functional capabilities of athletes, improvement of general physical and special physical fitness, technical and tactical skills;
control training sessions: monitoring the effectiveness of the process of training kayak and canoe rowers. Acceptance of control standards.
In addition to training sessions, athletes spend self-study on the instructions of the coach. The mode of educational and training work is determined by the number of training hours (academic) per week.
Transfer to the next stage of sports training is determined by the level of sportsmanship, the fulfillment of the volume of training loads provided for by the program, the fulfillment of control standards and the health of athletes.
The effectiveness of the training process depends on the rational organization of classes, the choice of methods, the optimal dosage and careful consideration of the individual characteristics of those involved.
Due to the specifics of kayaking and canoeing, the organization of training camps is mandatory and plays an important role in the preparation of rowers.
Physical training. Physical training is the basis of sports training. It is a purposeful process of formation of physical qualities in kayakers and canoeists, which include: strength, endurance, flexibility, agility, speed abilities, etc. Physical training is divided into: general physical training aimed at the versatile development of physical qualities and special physical training aimed at developing physical abilities that meet the specifics of kayaking and canoeing. Classes in general physical training are conducted in ordinary sports and gyms. During the warm season - outdoors and water areas.
Technical training. Technical training of rowers in kayaks and canoes is aimed at the formation of the athlete's motor skills specific to this sport, the development of the individual characteristics of the athlete's technique. Technical training is carried out on warm water, its volume depends on the qualification of the athlete.
tactical training. The basis of tactical skill is tactical knowledge, skills and abilities. Improving the tactical skills of an athlete is carried out through the development of his tactical thinking: analysis and analysis of training sessions and competitive activities.
Methodological features of the organization of long-term training of athletes-rowers
The process of training athletes, first of all, is aimed at improving the person himself. Coaches, as true teachers and organizers of sports, are guided in their activities by general and specific principles of education and training, creatively concretizing them in relation to the contingent of young athletes, to the rowing variety and to the competitive or training situation that develops during the preparation. Whatever the peculiarities of the preparation of children, they always obey the fundamental didactic principles: education of exactingness and respect for the individual, education in a team and in work, taking into account age and individual differences in athletes, scientific character, activity and awareness, visibility, strength, systematicity, consistency.
Tasks of the general socio-pedagogical principles of the system physical education are to promote the comprehensive harmonious development of the individual, in the continuous connection of physical education with practice in life, in the obligatory achievement of the effect of strengthening and improving the health of children. Manifestation of these principles in the process training activities involves the determination by the coach of the goal of the process of physical education, methods and means to achieve a positive result.
Distinctive features of sports training from any other pedagogical activity is the following of the coach to the specific principles of the system of physical education:
principle of orientation to the highest achievements is implemented in the use of the most effective means and methods of training, the constant complication of the training process and competitive activity, the optimization of the mode of life, the use of a special system of nutrition, rest and recovery. The principle predetermines the constant improvement of sports equipment, equipment, conditions of competition venues, improvement of competition rules, etc.;
the principle of unity of general and special training athlete. Based on the general basic training, laid down at the initial stages of a multi-year cycle in childhood and adolescence, there is an increase in the share of specialized exercises in the total volume of training facilities. This is especially evident in rowing, as in other cyclical sports;
principle of continuity of the preparation process characterized by the following provisions: sports training is built as a long-term and year-round process, all links of which are interconnected, interdependent and subject to the task of achieving maximum results; the impact of each training session, period, stage, as it were, is layered on the result of the previous ones, consolidating and developing them; rational organization of loads, rest, nutrition and other factors ensure the optimal development of qualities and abilities;
the principle of cyclical training process consists in the systematic repetition of relatively completed structural units of the training process - individual lessons, periods, stages;
principle of undulation and variability helps to identify the relationship between the volume and intensity of work, the ratio of different preferential directions, the relationship between periods of intense training and relative recovery.
The main goal of the training: in-depth mastery of the technical and tactical arsenal of fencing.
Main goals: health promotion and comprehensive physical development teenagers; improvement of speed-strength training, taking into account the formation of basic skills inherent in the chosen sport; creating interest in the chosen sport; fostering speed of movements in exercises that do not require the manifestation of great strength; training and improvement of technology; gradual approach to a higher level of training loads; gradual leading to competitive wrestling by using the means necessary for the athlete's volitional training.
Load limiting factors:
functional features of the body of adolescents in connection with puberty;
imbalances in the development of the body and the cardiovascular system;
uneven growth and development of strength.
Basic training tools: general developmental exercises, complexes of specially prepared exercises, all kinds of jumping and jumping exercises, complexes of special exercises from the arsenal of fencing, outdoor and sports games, exercises of local impact (on training devices and simulators), isometric exercises.
Exercise methods: repeated, variable, repeated-variable, circular, game, control, competitive.
The main directions of training.
The stage of in-depth sports training is the base for the final choice of future specialization. Therefore, physical training at this stage becomes more focused. Specialists are faced with the task of choosing the appropriate training aids correctly, taking into account chosen kind sports. The training stage is characterized by a steady increase in the volume and intensity of training loads, more specialized work in the chosen sport. In this case, the means of training are similar in form and nature of execution to the main exercises. The share of special physical, technical and tactical training is significantly increasing. The training process acquires the features of in-depth sports specialization.
It is advisable to start special training at the age of 12-13. Special training in the chosen form should be carried out gradually. At this age, you need to perform more often in control estimates and competitions.
At this stage, the volume of means of speed-strength training and special endurance increases to a greater extent. It is expedient to develop the speed-strength qualities of various muscle groups by means of local influence, i.e. using specially selected complexes or training devices in the training process. The latter make it possible to model the necessary combinations of muscle work modes in conditions of the conjugated development of physical qualities and the improvement of sports equipment. In addition, exercises on simulators make it possible to purposefully influence individual muscles and muscle groups.
Special training devices and simulators have the following advantages over traditional means (barbell, weights, dumbbells):
allow for individual facial features undergoing sports training;
in comparison with exercises with a barbell, they exclude negative effects on the musculoskeletal system;
locally affect various muscle groups, including those that have less room for improvement during training;
contribute to a clear programming of the structure of movements, as well as the nature and magnitude of a specific load;
allow you to perform movements in various modes of muscle work;
help to conduct classes at a high emotional level.
When using training devices, one should take into account the amount of weight, the intensity of the exercises, the number of repetitions in each approach, the rest intervals between exercises.
The study and improvement of fencing techniques.
When planning training sessions, it is necessary to observe the principle of concentrated distribution of material, since long breaks in classes are undesirable.
When studying the technique, it should be taken into account that the rates of mastering the individual elements of motor actions are not the same. More time should be devoted to learning those elements of a holistic action that are more difficult to perform. Starting to master new material, you need to know what basic mistakes can appear in practice and how to correct them.
Method of control.
As with all stages of preparation, control should be comprehensive. The control system at the training stage should be closely connected with the system of planning the training process. It includes the main types of control: current, stage and in competition conditions.
In the process of training, the following forms of control are recommended: self-control of persons undergoing sports training for heart rate at rest, sleep quality, appetite, body weight, general well-being. Pedagogical control is used for current, stage and competitive control. The effectiveness of technical, physical, tactical and integral readiness is determined. Pedagogical observations, control and pedagogical tests are carried out, on the basis of control and translation standards and mandatory programs.
Participation in competitions depends on the level of preparedness of the person undergoing sports training, the calendar of competitions, the fulfillment of category requirements, etc. The main task of competitive practice should be considered the ability to realize one's motor skills and functionality in difficult conditions of competitive confrontation. Starting from the third year of training, it is necessary to set clear goals and achieve competitive results at the level of the region and Russia.
The main directions of training.
As you know, one of the real ways to achieve high sports performance was previously considered to be early specialization, i.e. an attempt from the first steps to determine the specialty of an athlete and organize appropriate training. In some cases, this specialization gave positive results. However, it sometimes led to the fact that young athletes achieved high performance with poor general physical development, and then, as a rule, the initial rapid growth in sports and technical results was replaced by stagnation. This forced coaches, doctors, physiologists and scientists to reconsider their attitude towards early narrow specialization and give preference to the diverse, versatile training of young athletes.
The stage of initial training is one of the most important, because it is at this stage that the foundation is laid for further mastery of sportsmanship in the chosen form. However, there is a danger of overloading the child's body, which has not yet grown stronger, since in children of this age there is a lag in the development of individual vegetative functions of the body.
Already at the stage of initial preparation, along with the application various kinds sports, mobile and sports games it is necessary to include in the training program complexes of special preparatory exercises that are close in structure to the chosen sport. Moreover, the impact of these exercises should be directed to the further development of physical qualities that are important specifically for hand-to-hand combat.
At the initial stage sports activities it is advisable to bring to the fore the task of achieving versatile physical fitness and purposefully develop physical qualities, using special sets of exercises and games (in the form of training tasks), taking into account the training of an athlete. Thus, the unity of general and special training is achieved.
Many physical qualities of children are most stable (in terms of prognosis) in boys aged 11-13, in girls aged 10-12. This age coincides with the stage of initial sports training in hand-to-hand combat. In the next age groups(young men of middle and older age) all types of prognosis are difficult. If the coach does not see the most important thing in an athlete before the age of 13, then he will not see it even at the age of 17-18.
The initial training stage is one of the most important, since it is at this stage that the foundation for further mastery of skills in hand-to-hand combat is laid and the selection for subsequent sports is carried out. At this stage, it is inappropriate to take into account the periods of training (preparatory, competitive, etc.), since the stage of initial training itself is a kind of preparatory period in the general chain of long-term training of an athlete.
The main goal of the training:
Approval in the choice of sports specialization - hand-to-hand combat and mastering the basics of technology.
Main goals:
health promotion and comprehensive physical development of adolescents;
· gradual transition to purposeful training in the chosen kind of sport;
training in hand-to-hand combat;
· increasing the level of physical fitness on the basis of conducting versatile training;
selection of promising athletes for further hand-to-hand combat.
Load limiting factors:
Lack of adaptation to physical activity;
· age features of physical development;
Insufficient general volume of motor skills and abilities.
Fixed assets:
mobile games and game exercises;
general developmental exercises;
elements of acrobatics and self-insurance (somersaults, somersaults, turns);
All kinds of jumping and jumping exercises;
Throwing (track and field apparatus, stuffed, tennis balls);
speed-strength exercises (separate and in the form of complexes);
· gymnastic exercises for strength and speed-strength training;
· school of hand-to-hand combat techniques and study of the compulsory program of technical-tactical complexes (TTK);
sets of exercises for individual training(homework assignment).
The main methods of doing exercises:
game;
repeated;
uniform;
· circular;
control;
· competitive.
Learning features:
The motor skills of young athletes should be formed in parallel with the development of physical qualities necessary to achieve success in their chosen sport. From the very beginning of classes, they need to master the basics of the technique of a holistic exercise, and not its individual parts. Teaching the basics of technology is advisable to conduct in facilitated conditions.
In the first year of study, one of the tasks of the classes is to master the basics of the technique of the chosen sport. At the same time, the learning process should be concentrated, without long pauses, i.e. the break between classes should not exceed three days. Training for each technical action or set of actions should be carried out within 15-25 lessons (30-35 minutes each). The effectiveness of teaching exercises is directly dependent on the level of development of the physical qualities of children and adolescents. The use of a significant amount of speed-strength exercises at the initial stage of playing sports, aimed at developing speed and strength, contributes to a more successful formation and improvement of motor skills. The game form of exercise fulfillment corresponds to the age characteristics of children and allows successful initial sports training of young athletes (specialized game teaching methods are presented below).
Control method:
Control at the stage of initial training is used to assess the degree of achievement of the goal and the solution of the tasks set. It should be comprehensive, carried out regularly and in a timely manner, based on objective and quantitative criteria. Efficiency control technical training is carried out, as a rule, by a trainer for assessing the implementation of a compulsory program, when passing examination tests at intermediate stages of training. Control over the effectiveness of physical training is carried out with the help of special control standards for the years of study, which are represented by tests that characterize the level of development of physical qualities. When planning control checks for physical and special physical training, the following order and sequence of exercises is recommended:
Control exercises are carried out within one day.
Exercises are conducted for speed, strength, endurance.
In some cases, the order of verification may be changed.
During the control, special attention is paid to the observance of the same conditions: time of day, taking into account the time of eating, previous load, weather, warm-up, etc. It is desirable to carry out control checks in a solemn competitive atmosphere.
Medical control:
medical supervision for young athletes provides:
in-depth medical examination (2 times a year);
medical examination before the competition;
· medical and pedagogical supervision in the course of training occupations;
Sanitary and hygienic control over the daily routine, places of training and competition, clothing and footwear;
Control over the implementation by young athletes of the doctor's recommendations for health reasons, training and rest regimen.
Medical control provides for the main and fundamental provision - admission to training and competitions of healthy children.
Participation in competitions:
It is impossible to achieve high stable results in the future by rarely participating in competitions. At this stage of training, the number of competitive exercises increases significantly. A special advantage at this stage of training is given to playing competitive methods.
Educational and training stage
Main goals:
Increasing the level of versatile physical and functional readiness;
development of special physical qualities;
mastering the basics of technology and its improvement;
· development of admissible training and competitive loadings;
acquisition and accumulation of competitive experience.
At the training stage, the annual training cycle includes preparatory and competitive periods. For athletes with less than 2 years of training, the main attention is paid to versatile physical training, increasing the level of functionality, further expanding the arsenal of technical and tactical skills and techniques. When planning annual cycles for athletes with more than 2 years of training in the preparatory period, the tasks of further increasing the level of general physical and functional fitness and, on this basis, increasing the level of special physical performance. In the competitive period, the tasks of improving sports results, as well as the tasks of fulfilling control standards are solved. At this stage of long-term preparation, the annual macrocycle can be built according to the scheme with two main competitions.
Preparation period
This period of training is the most important in the preparation of the ski racer. During this period, the foundation for future achievements in the competitive period is laid. The "foundation" of success in competitions is a large amount of workload attributable to the development of physical qualities, increasing functional fitness, improving the technique of skiing. All this is done in the preparatory period. In addition, much attention is paid to the education of volitional qualities, the study of the theory skiing etc. The preparatory period in the training of a cross-country skier is divided into three stages.
1st stage- spring-summer (in accordance with the tasks of training, it is also called general preparatory). It starts from May 1, and for qualified skiers it usually lasts until July 31. The most important task of training at this time is a gradual increase in the level of general physical fitness. Here, much attention is paid to the development of physical qualities, increasing the level of overall performance, as well as mastering or improving the elements of technology. 2nd stage- summer-autumn (stage of preliminary special training). It starts on August 1 and continues until the start of ski training (until snow falls). The main task of preparation at this stage is the creation of a special foundation for the further development of special qualities already when moving on skis (at the next stage of the preparatory period). At this time, the improvement of the elements of skiing technique continues with the use of special training equipment in snowless times. The total volume of the training load at this stage continues to gradually increase, and the intensity of performance also increases. cyclic exercises. However, the increase in the overall intensity of the load is somewhat slower and slightly behind the volume growth curve. This is a schematic diagram of the change in volume and intensity, but in individual microcycles, the volume, and after it, the intensity can increase significantly depending on the tasks set. Such an increase can sometimes reach near-limit values, which is acceptable only on the basis of a high level of RPP. Although the amount of physical fitness means at this stage is gradually decreasing, the task of maintaining the achieved level of basic physical qualities (by means of physical fitness) must be completely solved and a decrease in the achieved level is unacceptable. At the same time, the volume of SFP funds is significantly increasing.
At the first two stages of the preparatory period, skiers take part in competitions in a set of control exercises, to assess the level of physical fitness, as well as in special preparedness. Usually the level of development of special qualities is determined by the results of competitions in roller skiing, in cross-country running, in mixed movement (running + imitation of an alternating two-step move to climbs) - all this is carried out at various standard distances. In addition, the level of development of special qualities is assessed by the results of imitation in lifts (on segments).
3rd stage- winter (basic special training). It starts from the moment of skiing (with snowfall) and continues until the start of the main competitions. Depending on the climatic conditions (the time of the establishment of snow cover in a given area) and the qualifications of skiers (the strongest skiers go to the first snow in the northern and eastern regions), the timing of the beginning of the winter stage is different. In the middle lane, it usually begins in the third decade of November or a little later. The winter stage usually ends in late December - early January with the start of the main competitions of the season. In many ways, the timing depends on the calendar of competitions and the qualifications of the skiers. At this stage, the main tasks are solved - the development of special qualities (primarily speed endurance and speed-strength qualities), as well as training and improving the technique of skiing, improving tactical skills and educating moral and volitional qualities. Preparation at the third stage is built so that by the end of it the skiers have reached sportswear. The main means of preparation is skiing. Skiers on the stage perform the greatest amount of load. The volume peak occurs in the first half of the stage. At this time, long-term training is carried out aimed at developing general endurance: the intensity of the load is somewhat reduced. In the course of classes, a basis is created for further increasing the intensity of the load and achieving a sports form. At the same time, the tasks of training (teenagers, youths and novice skiers) and improving the technique of skiing (for the strongest athletes) are being solved. During the snowless period, despite the use of special training equipment, skiers, even those who are well versed in the technique of skiing, partially lose their skills, lose their fine coordination sensations, the “feeling” of skis and snow. Therefore, in the first long training sessions, a significant part of the time is devoted to learning and improving technology (depending on age and qualifications).
In the future, due to an increase in the load aimed at developing speed endurance, the total volume of the load decreases (but remains quite high), and the intensity of training increases. At this stage, other special qualities develop in parallel - speed and strength. In addition to ski training, physical fitness classes are held. Their main task is to maintain the achieved level of physical fitness. Changing the volume, intensity of special training, as well as maintaining the level of physical fitness is closely related to the age, fitness and individual characteristics of skiers. Prolonged, high-intensity training over a range of activities, without pre-training, and inappropriate for the age of the skiers, can lead to overworking skiers and, in the long run, to overwork. Training at this stage should be structured in such a way that the skiers are in good shape by the end of the stage. At the winter stage of the preparatory period, skiers compete in a number of control (or other types) competitions. Usually, special training, especially forcing the achievement of high performance for these competitions, is not carried out. In them, skiers perform in the course of systematic preparation for the competitive period, i.e. no changes in the volume, intensity or cyclicity of the load specifically for specific competitions of this stage are made.
The intensity at this stage is generally significant, but by the end of the preparatory period it should not reach the limit characteristic of the competitive period.
The main directions of training
As you know, one of the real ways to achieve high sports performance was previously considered to be early specialization, i.e. an attempt from the first steps to determine the specialty of an athlete and organize appropriate training. In some cases, this specialization gave positive results. However, it sometimes led to the fact that young athletes achieved high performance with poor general physical development, and then, as a rule, the initial rapid growth in sports and technical results was replaced by stagnation. This forced coaches, doctors, physiologists and scientists to reconsider their attitude towards early narrow specialization and give preference to the diverse and versatile training of young athletes.
The stage of initial training is one of the most important, since it is at this stage that the foundation for further mastery of sportsmanship in the chosen form is laid. However, there is a danger of overloading the still fragile child's body, since in children of this age there is a lag in the development of individual vegetative functions of the body.
Already at the stage of initial training, along with the use of various sports, outdoor and sports games, complexes of special preparatory exercises that are similar in structure to the chosen sport should be included in the training program. Moreover, the impact of these exercises should be directed to the further development of physical qualities that are important for Kyokushin.
At the initial stage of sports activities, it is advisable to highlight the task of achieving versatile physical fitness and purposefully develop physical qualities, using special sets of exercises and games (in the form of training tasks), taking into account the athlete’s training. Thus, the unity of general and special training is achieved.
Many physical qualities of children are most stable (in terms of prognosis) in boys 10-11 years old. This age coincides with the stage of initial sports training in Kyokushin. In the following age groups (boys of middle and older age), all types of prognosis are difficult. If the coach does not see the most important thing in an athlete before the age of 13, then he will not see it even at the age of 17-18.
The initial training stage is one of the most important, since it is at this stage that the foundation for further mastering the skills in Kyokushin is laid and the selection for subsequent sports is carried out. At this stage, it is inappropriate to take into account the periods of training (preparatory, competitive, etc.), since the stage of initial training itself is a kind of preparatory period in the general chain of long-term training of an athlete.
The main goal of the training:
approval in the choice of sports specialization and mastering the basics of technology.
Main goals:
promotion of health and comprehensive physical development of adolescents;
gradual transition to targeted training in the chosen sport;
training in the technique of Kyokushin;
increasing the level of physical fitness on the basis of conducting versatile training;
selection of promising athletes for further Kyokushin classes.
instilling a strong interest in Kyokushin classes;
Load limiting factors:
insufficient adaptation to physical activity;
age-related features of physical development;
insufficient total volume of motor skills and abilities.
Fixed assets:
outdoor games and game exercises;
general developmental exercises;
elements of acrobatics and self-insurance (somersaults, somersaults, flips, etc.);
all kinds of jumping and jumping exercises;
throwing (track and field apparatus, stuffed, tennis balls, etc.);
speed-strength exercises (separate and in the form of complexes);
gymnastic exercises for strength and speed-strength training;
school of hand-to-hand combat techniques and the study of the compulsory program of technical-tactical complexes (TTK);
sets of exercises for individual training (homework).
The main methods of doing exercises:
repeated;
uniform;
circular;
control;
competitive.
Learning features:
The motor skills of young athletes should be formed in parallel with the development of physical qualities necessary to achieve success in their chosen sport. From the very beginning of classes, they need to master the basics of the technique of a holistic exercise, and not its individual parts. Teaching the basics of technology is advisable to conduct in facilitated conditions.
In the first year of study, one of the tasks of the classes is to master the basics of the technique of the chosen sport. At the same time, the learning process should be concentrated, without long pauses, i.e. the break between classes should not exceed three days. Training for each technical action or set of actions should be carried out within 15-25 lessons (30-35 minutes each).
The effectiveness of teaching exercises is directly dependent on the level of development of the physical qualities of children and adolescents. The use of a significant amount of speed-strength exercises at the initial stage of playing sports, aimed at developing speed and strength, contributes to a more successful formation and improvement of motor skills. The game form of exercise fulfillment corresponds to the age characteristics of children and allows successful initial sports training of young athletes (specialized game teaching methods are presented below).
Method of control
Control at the stage of initial training is used to assess the degree of achievement of the goal and the solution of the tasks set. It should be comprehensive, carried out regularly and in a timely manner, based on objective and quantitative criteria. Control of the effectiveness of technical training is carried out, as a rule, by a trainer who evaluates the implementation of a mandatory program, when passing examinations at intermediate stages of training.
Control over the effectiveness of physical training is carried out with the help of special control standards for the years of study, which are represented by tests that characterize the level of development of physical qualities.
When planning control checks for physical and special physical training, the following order and sequence of exercises is recommended:
control exercises are carried out within one day.
exercises are carried out for speed, strength, endurance. In some cases, the order of verification may be changed.
During the control, special attention is paid to the observance of the same conditions: time of day, taking into account the time of eating, previous load, weather, warm-up, etc. It is desirable to carry out control checks in a solemn competitive atmosphere.
Medical control
Medical supervision of young athletes includes:
in-depth medical examination (2 times a year);
medical examination before the competition;
medical and pedagogical observations during training sessions;
sanitary and hygienic control over the daily routine, places of training and competition, clothing and footwear;
control over the implementation by young athletes of the doctor's recommendations for health reasons, training and rest regimen.
Medical control provides for the main and fundamental provision - admission to training and competitions of healthy children.
Participation in competitions
It is impossible to achieve high stable results in the future by rarely participating in competitions. At this stage of training, the number of competitive exercises increases significantly. At this stage of training, it is necessary to humanize the competitive activity of young athletes
The humanization of the competitive activity of young athletes is understood as a change in the forms of holding competitions, aimed at enriching their content in order to increase satisfaction with the competitive process, both for the coach and the young athlete.
Competitive activity is based on the forced adjustment of the competitor's personality to average, but mandatory and common requirements (rules). Such an interaction of the capabilities of a young athlete and the values inherent in his personality is in conflict with satisfaction.
Conducting competitions among younger boys according to the regulations of adult athletes is unacceptable. Large competitive overloads make high demands, first of all, on the health of young men, both physical and moral. The formation of champion claims has a negative effect on the moral side of raising children.
The main requirement for the competitive activity of younger boys is the freedom to choose the broader opportunities provided to him to prove himself. At the same time, it is important to gain an advantage over the enemy, which will be recognized as a separate victory. In this case, two or more winners can be identified. At the same time, personal values must be developed by the wrestler himself. They are formed on the basis of personal experience. That's why competitive activity a young karateka should be judged by how ready he is to act independently and make decisions in conditions that he has never experienced before. In table. 12 presents the criteria for identifying winners in the fights of younger boys.
Table 12
Forms of holding competitions among junior boys
|
Forms of holding |
Winner |
|
|
Fighting according to the rules of sumo |
||
|
Nice kicking performance |
||
|
Carrying out a “custom” hold (the name of the move is reported by the athlete to the referee and the head of the tatami, but is kept secret from the opponent or not kept). When conducting a "custom" reception, the fight stops and the winner is declared |
||
|
Team competition (a team can consist of two, three or more people) |
||
|
Kata competition (technical demonstration). Based on the results of the competition, a qualifying degree (kyu) is awarded. |
||
|
Touchdown competition |
||
|
Competitions for the implementation of general developmental exercises (relay races, games, competitions, demonstration performances) |
During the competition, the beauty of the fight, the goodwill of the relationship is emphasized. The emphasis should be on the technique of movement, and not the force of impact. Each participant of the competition is awarded obligatory.
