Message on physical education on the topic of skiing. Project on physical culture "ski training". "Paltsovskaya secondary school"

Skiing.

Introduction

1. History of skiing

2.1. Ski race

2.2. Nordic combined

2.3. ski jumping

2.4. Skiing

2.5. Freestyle

2.6. snowboarding

2.7. Biathlon

3.Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

skiing- one of the most popular sports cultivated in the Russian Federation. The most popular due to the availability and nature of the impact on the body are cross-country skiing at various distances. Practicing this sport is an important means physical education, occupy one of the first places in terms of the nature of motor actions.

In most regions of our country, where the winter is long and snowy, skiing is one of the most accessible and popular types of physical culture. Physical activity during skiing is very easily dosed both in terms of volume and intensity. This allows us to recommend skiing as a means of physical education for people of any age, gender, health status and level of physical fitness.

Performing moderate muscular work with the involvement of all major muscle groups in the movement at low temperatures, in clean frosty air, significantly increases the body's resistance to a variety of diseases and has a positive effect on overall performance. Walking and skiing in a beautiful wooded and diverse terrain provide a positive impact on nervous system, mental and physical performance.

Over the past twenty years, the science of sports, including the theory and methodology of skiing, began to develop rapidly. If earlier it mainly occupied an explanatory function and did little to help practice, then at present its role has changed significantly. Sports competitions are no longer just individual fights and not only team competitions, it is primarily a demonstration of the strength and skill of an athlete, the high tactical thinking of a teacher-trainer.

Everyone who starts skiing sets a specific goal for himself: one wants to become a champion, the other just wants to be stronger and more resilient, the third wants to lose weight with the help of skiing, the fourth wants to strengthen his will. And all this is possible. You just need to regularly, without making yourself concessions and discounts, train hard.

Skiing includes several independent sports: cross-country skiing, biathlon, ski jumping, biathlon, alpine skiing. For these sports there are rules for holding competitions and the assignment of categories and titles is provided in accordance with the requirements of the Unified Sports Classification. It stimulates systematic practice and growth sports achievements skiers. The named types of skiing are included in the programs of championships and World Cups, winter Olympic Games.

2. Varieties of skiing sports

2.1. Ski race

Racing - cross-country skiing competitions on a specially prepared track. Classical distances: for men - individual races for 10, 15 km (up to 1952 for 18 km), 30 and 50 km, as well as a 4x10 km relay race; for women - individual races for 5, 10, 15 (since 1989), 30 km (in 1978-1989 - 20 km), as well as a 4 x 5 km relay (until 1970 - 3 x 5 km).

Racing is the most massive and popular type of ski competition. For the first time, competitions in cross-country skiing took place in Norway in 1767. Then the Swedes and Finns followed the example of the Norwegians, and later the passion for racing arose in Central Europe. At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. in many countries there were national ski clubs. In 1924 the International Ski Federation (FIS, FIS) was created. The USSR joined it in 1948. In 2000, the FIS consisted of 98 national federations.

The length of the races can be very different - from 1 km at the competitions of junior schoolchildren to 50 km at the championships of countries, the world, at the Olympics and up to "super marathons" of 70 km or more. The complexity of the distance is determined not only by its length, but also by the elevation difference, that is, the difference in elevation above sea level between the start-finish place and the highest point of the route.

Ski race included in the programs of all winter olympics, since 1924, since 1925 world championships began to be held. Initially, these were only men's competitions at distances of 18 and 50 km. But the program has been constantly expanding. In 1952, women skiers took part in the VI Olympic Games in Oslo for the first time. In the late 1990s skiers competed for Olympic awards in ten types of the program - five each for men and women.

At the 1st Winter Olympics in Chamonix in 1924, along with the Olympic awards, the winners and prize-winners were awarded World Championship medals, which later became a tradition for all Olympic skiing competitions. Initially, the World Championships were held annually, then (starting from 1950) the FIS established a four-year cycle (even "non-Olympic" years), and since 1985 a two-year cycle (odd years).

In Russia, the first ski competitions took place in St. Petersburg in 1894, the track was laid right along the snowy Neva. In 1910 the first championship of Russia was held, in 1924 the first championship of the USSR.

In the 1920-30s. Soviet riders have repeatedly performed on international competitions. In 1954, for the first time, they took part in the World Championships in Falun (Sweden), where Vladimir Kuzin won two gold medals in the 30 and 50 km races and Lyubov Kozyreva in the 10 km race and the relay.

The greatest success in cross-country skiing was achieved by athletes from the Scandinavian countries and the USSR (Russia). Among Russian skiers: two-time world champion (1970) and two-time Olympic champion (1972) Vyacheslav Vedenin, four-time Olympic champion (1972, 1976) and five-time world champion (1970, 1974) Galina Kulakova, four-time Olympic champion (1976, 1980, 1992) and four-time world champion (1974, 1982, 1985, 1991) Raisa Smetanina, Olympic champion (1976) and world champion (1978) Sergey Savelyev, four-time Olympic champion (1980, 1984) Nikolai Zimyatov, six-time Olympic champion (1992, 1994) and three-time world champion (1991, 1993) Lyubov Yegorova, three-time Olympic relay champion (1992, 1994, 1998) and fourteen-time world champion (1989-1997) Elena Vyalbe, five-time Olympic champion (1992, 1994, 1998) and nine-time world champion ( 1993-1999) Larisa Lazutina.

Among foreign riders, the highest results were shown by: Finns Veikko Hakulinen (three-time Olympic champion, 1952, 1956), Ero Mäntyuranta (three-time Olympic champion, 1960, 1964), his compatriot Marya-Liisa Hämäläinen-Kirvesniemi (three-time Olympic champion, 1984), Swede Gunde Svan (four-time Olympic champion, 1984, 1988), Norwegian Bjorn Daly (eight-time Olympic champion, 1992, 1994, 1998), in 1999 awarded the title of "Best skier of the 20th century."

Over the 75 years of its history, cross-country skiing competitions have undergone many changes. In the mid 1980s. in connection with the emergence of a new running technique (" skating", or " free style”), the way to overcome each distance was regulated by the rules and the program of the competition. In addition, “pursuit races” appeared in the program, the start order in which is determined by the results of competitions held the day before (according to the so-called “Gundersen system”, which entered the practice of Nordic combined a little earlier).

According to the rules of the competition, if the first races (30 km, men, and 15 km, women) are held in the classical style, then the last ones (50 km, men, and 30 km, women) are free and vice versa. According to the "Gundersen system" on the first day, skiers run in a classic style (10 km, men, and 5 km, women), the next day - free (15 km, men, and 10 km, women). In relay races, the first two stages are overcome in the classical style, the third and fourth - in the free style.

A special place in cross-country skiing is occupied by the so-called ultramarathons. They started in 1922 between the Swedish cities of Selen and Moro, a 90-kilometer run "Vaza-loppet", named after the Swedish king Gustav Vasa, who made this transition at the beginning of the 16th century. during the war of liberation against the Danes.

Ultramarathons are held in many countries of the world (including Russia under the name "Ski Track of Russia" since 1983). 14 of them are united in the permanent system of competitions "World Loppet" ("World Ultramarathon"), created in 1978.

2.2. Nordic combined

Nordic combined (northern combination) - a type of skiing that includes a race of 15 km and a jump from a 90-meter (originally from

70 meter springboard. Competitions are held in two days (on the first day - jumps, on the second - the race). Only men participate. Scoring is done according to the “Gundersen system” (developed by a Norwegian specialist): the difference in points obtained on the springboard is converted into seconds, as a result, the participants start the race from a common start, but with a handicap earned the day before, the one who crosses the finish line first wins.

According to the “Gundersen system”, team competitions of combined athletes are also held, which end with a 3x10 km relay race. In 1999, a new type of program appeared - the sprint biathlon, which is held within one competitive day: after the jump, literally an hour later, the participants go to the start of the race for 7.5 km (also with a handicap). The “Gundersen system” was borrowed by racers and biathletes: the so-called “pursuit races” are included in the program of their competitions.

As a sport, skiing originated in Norway at the end of the 19th century. (In Russia, the first competition took place in 1912 near St. Petersburg). In 1924 Nordic combined was included in the program of the Olympic Games and World Championships. In the USSR, biathlon began to develop in the late 1930s. Highest Achievements in this form, the Norwegian athlete Johan Grettumsbroten (two-time Olympic champion in 1928 and 1932) and the three-time Olympic champion from the GDR Ulrich Veling (1972, 1976, 1980) achieved. Among the Russian athletes-winners of the Olympic Games are Nikolai Kiselev (silver medal at the IX Olympiad in Innsbruck in 1964) and Nikolai Gusakov ( bronze medal at the VIII Olympiad in Squaw Valley in 1960) and Valery Stolyarov (bronze at the XVIII Olympiad in Nagano in 1998).

2.3. ski jumping

Ski jumping is a type of skiing. Competitions are held only among men from the medium (90 m) and large (120 m) springboards (originally: 70 and 90 m, respectively). The jump is evaluated in terms of technique (on a 20-point system) and flight length. Competitors perform two attempts.

Ski jumping originated in Norway at the end of the 19th century. In most Norwegian cities, first they began to build bulk earthen springboards, then wooden and metal structures. In 1897, the first official jumping competitions took place near Oslo (in Russia, in 1906, near St. Petersburg).

In parallel with jumping, biathlon also developed. In 1924 International Federation skiing (FIS), a technical committee for these disciplines was created, at the same time jumping and biathlon were included in the program of the Winter Olympics and World Championships.

It was the time of all-round skiers. Among them, the Norwegians Turleif Haug and Johan Grettumsbroten left the most notable mark, with great success performing both at race distances and on the springboard. They passed the victory baton to their fellow countryman Birger Ruud, who dominated the sport for 18 years (1930-1948). He won two Olympic gold medals and three at the world championships. His achievement was surpassed in the 1980s. only Finnish athlete Matti Nykanen (four-time Olympic champion and four-time World Cup winner).

For a long time, jumping competitions were held on one springboard of medium power (70 m) and took place on the same day. In 1962, jumping from a large springboard (90 m) was included in the program, and 20 years later, in 1982, team competitions were added to individual competitions - also on a large springboard. In the 1990s the calculated thickness of the medium and large springboards reached 90 and 120 m, respectively.

In addition to these jumps, there are so-called "flying" jumps, which are structures of a special design that allow you to make jump-flights up to 200 m or more in length. The most famous among them are ski jumps in Planica (Slovenia), Vikersund (Norway), Oberstdorf (Germany), Kulm (Austria). Since 1972, under the auspices and according to the rules of the FIS, world championships in skiing have been held, and the World Cup has been played. In 2000, at one of the stages of the Cup, the Austrian jumper Andrea Goldberger set a world record - his flight was 225 m.

In Russia, ski jumping began to really develop only in the late 1940s. The greatest success in this kind of skiing was achieved by Vladimir Belousov (gold Olympic medal at the Games in Grenoble, 1968) and Gary Napalkov, who won two gold medals at the 1970 World Championships in Strbske Pleso (Czechoslovakia).

2.4. Skiing

Alpine skiing - downhill skiing on special tracks, marked with gates, with time fixing. Includes: downhill, slalom, giant slalom, super-G and all-around events consisting of them. Competitions are held among women and men. Track length in downhill- 2000-3500 m, number of gates - 15-25; length of tracks in slalom - 450-500 m, number of gates for women - 50-55, for men - 60-75; track length in giant slalom up to 2000 m, number of gates 50-75; track length in the super giant - up to 2500 m. Developed in Austria, Switzerland, France, Italy, Germany, USA, Canada, Norway, Sweden. The program of the Olympic Games since 1936, the world championships have been held since 1931.

The beginning of all ski disciplines was laid by slalom, which appeared in all countries of Central Europe at the beginning of the 20th century. The greatest success in this sport was achieved by athletes from the Alpine countries of Europe and Scandinavia.

Development leadership skiing carried out by the International Ski Federation (FIS, FIS), in 1931 a ski technical committee was created. In the same year, the first world championship was held in Mürren (Switzerland). The first world champion in slalom and downhill was the English skier E. McKinnon.

It is interesting to note that in skiing unlike racing, there has never been "women's discrimination". The formulas for men's and women's competitions have always been identical, developed and changed on an equal footing. In 1936, at the IV Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany), the first Olympic champions were the German skiers Franz Pfnür and Christel Kranz (in addition, at six world championships, 1934-39, she won 12 gold and 3 silver medals).

In the early 1950s giant slalom was included in the Olympic program of alpine skiing competitions, and scoring in triathlon was also introduced, but Olympic medals were not played in this form. According to this formula, skiers competed for about 30 years, then the slalom committee of the federation decided to exclude triathlon from the program, and instead introduce a new competition - an alpine combination consisting of independent starts in slalom and downhill. In 1987, the fifth alpine skiing discipline was included - the super giant, which finally predetermined the narrow specialization of the participants. They were divided into quite distinct groups of masters of technique (slalom and giant) and speed (descent and super), supporters of the universal approach competed on the combination courses.

The highest results in alpine skiing competitions were achieved by the Austrian athlete Anton Sailer (three gold medals at the VII Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, 1956), as well as the Frenchman Jean-Claude Killy, who repeated his achievement at the X Olympics in Grenoble (1968).

In recent decades, skiing has been dominated by Western European athletes: Annemarie Prell, Petra Kronberger, Herman Mayer (Austria); Gustavo Toni, Deborah Compagnoni, Alberto Tomba (Italy); Ingemar Stenmark, Pernilla Wieberg (Sweden); Erica Hess, Pirmin Zurbriggen (Switzerland); Katya Seitzinger (Germany); Kjetil Omodt (Norway) and others.

Among Russian skiers, the greatest success was achieved by: Evgenia Sidorova (bronze medal at the VII Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo in 1956), Svetlana Gladysheva (bronze medal in downhill at the World Championships in 1991 and silver in the super giant at the XVII Olympics in Lillehammer in 1994).

2.5. Freestyle

Freestyle (eng. free style, letters. - free, freestyle), a type of skiing; includes three varieties: 1) mogul - downhill skiing on a hilly track with two obligatory "curly" jumps; 2) the so-called ski ballet - descent from the mountains with the performance of various dance figures (steps, rotations, turns, etc.); 3) ski jumping with a series of acrobatic figures (somersaults, pirouettes, etc.). The Freestyle Committee (founded in 1978) under the International Ski Federation (FIS) has over 30 countries (1999). The World Cup has been held since 1978, the World Championships since 1986.

In all three events, judges evaluate the technique of performed jumps or figures (in mogul, the time of passing the track is additionally recorded).

The pioneers of freestyle skiing were skiers who lacked the thrill of the slopes and the discipline of slalom techniques. So, one of the strongest moguls of the 1990s, French Olympic champion Edgar Grospiron, was expelled from the ski team for lack of prospects. His habit of going downhill with his knees tightly clenched was more in keeping with the new sport of freestyle.

The freestyle hobby that emerged in Europe and the United States in the early 1970s a short time covered the entire skiing world. Amateur local competitions began everywhere, but when their rank rose to the level of national championships and international tournaments, the need arose for unified rules. The freestyle technical committee established within the framework of the FIS has developed a unified competition regulation.

At the XV Winter Olympics in Calgary (1988), unique numbers in all types of freestyle were demonstrated at demonstration performances, but only at the next XVI Olympics in Albertville (1992) one of the types of freestyle - mogul was included in the program of Olympic sports. In 1994 in Lillehammer at the XVII Olympiad, acrobatic ski jumping was included in the program (ski ballet is still outside the Olympic program).

Freestyle appeared in Russia in the mid-1980s. In 1986, the first all-Union competitions took place. Despite the lag, at the Olympics in Lillehammer, Russian athletes Elizaveta Kozhevnikova (mogul, third place) and Sergey Shchupletsov (mogul, second place) became winners. In addition, Shchupletsov also became a two-time world champion in combination. The world champions in ski ballet were Elena Batalova (1995), Oksana Kushchenko (1997), Natalia Razumovskaya (1999), in acrobatic jumps - Vasilisa Semenchuk (1991).

2.6. snowboarding

snowboarding

Snowboarding originated in the 1960s, when American slalomist Jay Barton demonstrated downhill skiing on a ski board (snowboard) he invented, which immediately caught the attention of ski manufacturers. A professional international federation (ISF) was created, competitions began to be held with the awarding of world champion titles to the winners. But only in 1995 was established within the framework of the International Ski Federation (FIS) a technical committee on snowboarding. In 1996 the first world championship was held.

The snowboarding program includes two types of competitions: one of them is held on an ordinary snowy slope, it includes varieties of slalom and giant slalom; the second requires a special structure - a gutter resembling a cylinder cut along. According to this analogy, the competitions are called "half-pipe" (English half-pipe - half-pipe). In the "half-pipe" the athlete rolls down a kind of sinusoid from one section of the half-pipe to another, making jumps-coups at its edges. Judges evaluate the complexity and technique of jumping.

The program of the XVIII Olympic Games in Nagano (1998) included "half-pipe" and giant slalom. Russian snowboarding championships have been held since 1997.

2.7. Biathlon

Biathlon has emerged as a result of competitions related to skiing and shooting, held for many years in our country and abroad. The first competitions in skiing with shooting were held in 1767. in Norway. Among the three numbers of the program, 2 prizes were provided for skiers who, during the descent from a slope of medium steepness, will hit a certain target from a gun at a distance of 40-50 steps. Despite such an earlier origin, biathlon has not gained distribution in other countries.

The development of biathlon in modern form began only at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 20-30s, paramilitary skiing competitions were widespread in the Red Army. Athletes covered a distance of 50 km with full combat gear, overcoming various obstacles. Subsequently, paramilitary skiing with weapons changed, more and more approaching sports competitions. Thus, patrol races appeared, consisting of a 30 km team race with weapons and shooting at the finish line.

"Military patrol races" were popular abroad as well. They were included in the program as demonstrations at the first Winter Olympics in Chamonix in 1924. with the awarding of winners and prize-winners with Olympic medals. The same demonstration performances of "patrolists" were held at the II, IV, V Winter Olympics.

The spectacle of paramilitary competitions due to the combination in one competition of several sports that differ in the nature of motor activity contributed to the transformation of patrol races into a new independent sport - biathlon, approved in 1957. International Union of Modern Pentathlon.

The first official national championship in biathlon with the participation of mainly cross-country skiers and "patrollers" was held on the Uktusskiye Gory near Sverdlovsk in 1957. The first holder of the title of "country champion in biathlon" was Vladimir Marinychev, who won the 30 km distance with shooting. This championship gave a powerful impetus to the development of biathlon.

Until now, the national championships are held annually.

In 1958 biathletes held the first world championship. Biathlon's birthday was officially proclaimed on March 2, 1958. at the first world championship in Austria.

Initially, the program of biathletes at the national championships, the world championships and the Olympic Games included one type - a 20 km ski race with shooting from military weapons (caliber 5.6; 6.5 and 7.62 mm) at four firing lines with five shots at each of them. At the first three lines, shooting was allowed from any position, and at the fourth, last line, only from a standing position. For each miss by the time rendered in the race, two penalty minutes were charged. In 1965 By decision of the International Union of Modern Pentathlon and Biathlon (UIPMB), the requirements for shooting were increased. Firstly, they increased the number of mandatory shooting exercises from a standing position - two (on the second and fourth lines) instead of one. Secondly, the penalty time was differentiated - 1 minute for hitting the outer circle and 2 minutes for missing the target. In 1966 at the world championships and since 1968. at the Olympic Games, the program was expanded with the introduction of a 4x7.5 km relay, and then (in 1974 at the World Championships and 1980 at the Olympic Games) 10 km sprint races. In the same disciplines, shooting is carried out at two lines from a prone and standing position. Moreover, in the relay at each turn, eight rounds can be used to hit five targets. Each miss is compensated by passing an additional 150m penalty loop. Since 1986 free style is used at all distances. The popularity of biathlon in the world increased significantly after 1978, when military weapons were replaced with a small-caliber rifle (5.6 mm), the shooting distance was reduced to 50 m, the 2-minute penalty was canceled, the size of the targets was set - 4 cm when shooting prone and 11 cm when shooting standing (according to diameter). Biathlon has become more accessible. Currently biathlon is cultivated in 57 countries.

Biathlon became an Olympic sport in 1960. At the VIII Winter Olympic Games in Squaw Valley, 1960. first Olympic champion In biathlon, the Swedish athlete K.Lestander became a winner with a low race result (1:33.21) and excellent shooting: 20 hits out of 20! Excellent shooting was at that time the main criterion that determined the final result of the competition. The bronze medal of A.Privalov was the first award for biathlon at the first Winter Olympic Games in 1960.

In the Olympic biathlon competitions, athletes from the Scandinavian countries, the USSR - the CIS - Russia, the GDR - Germany were more successful than others. At one time he won two gold medals in the Olympic Games: Magnar Solberg (Norway) 1968, 1972, Viktor Mamatov (USSR) 1968, 1972; Ivan Byakov (USSR) 1972, 1976; Nikolai Kruglov (USSR) 1976; Anatoly Alyabyev (USSR) 1980; Frank Peter Rech (GDR) 1988; Mark Kirchner (Germany) 1992, 1994; Dmitry Vasiliev (USSR) 1984, 1988; Sergey Chepikov (RF) 1988, 1994 Among women, two-time Olympic champions were Anfisa Reztsova (RF) 1992, 1994. and Canadian Mariam Bedar - 1994.

Four Olympic gold medals for Alexander Tikhonov for victories in relay races at four Olympics in Grenoble, Sapporo, Innsbruck and Lake Placid, recognized as the best "shooting skier" of the planet.

The first Soviet Olympic champion in biathlon - the most difficult form of the Winter Olympic Games - was Vladimir Melanin in 1964 (Innsbruck), in a 20 km race. Golden traditions in the relay race, Soviet biathletes held six Olympics in a row, starting in 1968. In the annals of the world biathlon of the 20th century, such a sporting achievement will forever remain a record.

Women's biathlon gained recognition in 1984. at the World Championships in Chamonix (France). Venera Chernyshova became the first world champion. In 1992 women's biathlon included in the program of the XVI Winter Olympic Games in Albertville, France. At these games, the first Olympic champion became Anfisa Reztsova at a distance of 7.5 km. Won "gold", despite three misses in the sprint distance. After 2 years, she again becomes the Olympic champion in biathlon at a distance of 7.5 km in the relay race, in Lillehammer (Norway). Galina Kukleva from Tyumen won the only gold medal in biathlon for the Russian team at the XVIII Winter Olympic Games in Nagano. The 7.5 km race, in which she won, turned out to be one of the most dramatic. At the finish line, the champion and the silver medalist - Ursula Disl from Germany - were separated by only 0.7 seconds. The winner of the men's 10 km sprint race was the Norwegian, Ole Einar Bjorndalen.

In the biathlon relay, Galina Kukleva did the most difficult thing - she played for about 30 seconds and pulled our team from sixth to second position. Silver medals for Russian biathletes: Olga Melnik, Galina Kukleva, Albina Akhatova and Olga Romasko.

The favorites of the men's biathlon relay were the teams of Germany, Norway and Russia, the countries whose athletes won the most awards at the Nagano Olympics. The first three places were taken by these teams, in the same order in which they stand in the unofficial team standings.

Victor Maigurov, Pavel Muslimov, Sergey Tarasov and Vladimir Drachev are bronze medalists in the men's biathlon relay.

The achievements of the biathletes of the Soviet Union and Russia over 40 years of development are the pride of national and world sports.

3.Conclusion

So, the main types of skiing, the process of their development, the rules for holding competitions and the highest achievements in each of them were outlined above, on the basis of which the following conclusions can be drawn.

Skiing is a means of physical education for people of any age, state of health and level of physical fitness.

Skiing in the clear frosty air significantly increases the body's resistance to a variety of diseases, has a positive effect on mental and physical performance, and has a positive effect on the nervous system.

During skiing, the most important moral and volitional qualities are successfully brought up: courage and perseverance, discipline and diligence, the ability to endure any difficulties, physical endurance.

Essay

On this topic:

"Skiing"

Performed:

10th grade student A

School No. 127

G. Kazan

Kholmirzaeva Zulfiya.

Municipal budgetary educational institution

Basic comprehensive school №55

Skiing and skiing in our lives

We learned to ski when we were 7 years old. In our school ski training is an obligatory part of physical education lessons in winter. As soon as the snow falls, in our village of Medvedevo, small and large skiers can be found on the sports ground, in the forest. We became curious, who and when invented skiing? How many types of skis are there in the modern world? And why skis are lubricated? We decided to do some research. We learned to ski when we were 7 years old. At our school, ski training is an obligatory part of physical education lessons in the winter. As soon as the snow falls, in our village of Medvedevo, small and large skiers can be found on the sports ground, in the forest. We became curious, who and when invented skiing? How many types of skis are there in the modern world? And why skis are lubricated? We decided to do some research.

Introduction

Expand the area of ​​\u200b\u200bpersonal knowledge on the topic “Skiing”.

• Expand the area of ​​\u200b\u200bpersonal knowledge on the topic “Skiing”.
• Find answers to your questions.
• Determine empirically the effect of ski waxes on glide.
• Find out the attitude of children to sports.
• To prove to the children by example the importance of physical education and sports in our lives.

Research objectives:

Gather information from the history of skiing.

• Gather information from the history of skiing.
• Find out what types of skis are.
• Find out the effect of ski ointments on glide.
• Learn how to prepare your skis for skiing.

Research objectives:

Skiing is an amazing invention of primitive man. Skiing is an amazing invention of primitive man. To distant historical times it was very difficult to get food, to move from one settlement to another in winter through deep snow. Then the man discovered that by tying two specially shaped pieces of wood to his feet, he could move faster through snow-covered fields and forests. The history of skiing goes back several millennia. This is confirmed by rock paintings in the caves of Norway, made about 7000 years ago. Many centuries later, skis began to be used by the armies of the Scandinavian countries, then by the military in Russia.

The history of skis

There are several types of skis, all of them are designed for different purposes, have different shapes, lengths, weights, are used in various types sports.

Ever since the invention of skis, people have been striving to improve their glide. Ever since the invention of skis, people have been striving to improve their glide. In ancient times, skis were lined with animal skins. This coverage provided good glide forward without slipping back. Over time, people came up with the idea of ​​\u200b\u200blubricating skis with wax and lard, while the glide improved significantly.

Ski wax

Nowadays, no one treats skis with natural fats, everyone uses special ski ointments. Modern ointments are divided into two types: sliding lubricants and holding lubricants. Each ski wax applicable at a certain temperature.

Wooden skis must be impregnated with a special resin, then they do not get wet when skiing on warm days and snow sticks to them less.

• Wooden skis must be impregnated with a special resin, then they do not get wet when skiing on warm days and snow sticks to them less.
• plastic skis they glide well, but - in both directions. Therefore, for a classic move, holding lubricant must be applied to the central part of the ski. On the rest of the surface with sliding lubricant. When skating, the entire surface of the skis must be coated with glide lubricant.

We have established by experience:

This Gounde pack for ski waxing includes red wax for weather (+1° - 0°), purple for (0° - 3°), blue for (-3° - 9°) and rubbing plug. In practice, in different weather, I have used all types of wax and found out: This Gounde pack for ski waxing includes red wax for weather (+1° - 0°), purple for (0° - 3°), blue for (-3° – 9°) and a grinding plug. In practice, in different weather, I used all types of ointment and found out:

• If the skis are slipping classic course, you need to put a warmer ointment under the block on top of the old one and rub it with a cork.
• If the skis go badly or do not go at all, then the ointment was chosen incorrectly and does not correspond to the air temperature. It is necessary to remove the old ointment with a scraper and apply a new one.

Skiing is a very necessary and useful sport. Skiing strengthens the body, develops endurance, strength and agility.

• Skiing is a very necessary and useful sport. Skiing strengthens the body, develops endurance, strength and agility.
• For people of any age, skiing provides cheerfulness and cheerfulness, restores good sleep and appetite.
• Skiing, people learn to overcome difficulties, temper their character, this is especially important for children.

Skiing and health

Sports in my life Activities in sports section Participation in the regional competitions Ski races for the prizes of G.F. Ilyin II place Participation in the regional competitions Cross-country skiing of Russia - 2018 II place Sport in my family Yakovlev Ivan Alexandrovich Boyarintseva Galina Egorovna My achievements Skiing is an amazing invention of primitive man.

• Skiing is an amazing invention of primitive man.
• In the modern world, there are more than five varieties of skis used for various purposes and in various sports.
• To improve the glide of skis, it is necessary to use special ski lubricants correctly.
• Skiing improves health.

The significance of the project We would like our personal example to captivate classmates so that they clearly see what to achieve notable results both in sports and in studies, it is impossible by chance.

Yakovlev Alexander, 7th grade student

Head - Belkova Valentina Ivanovna, teacher of physical culture

Resources:

• 1. Magazine "Skiing";
• 2. Free encyclopedia Wikipedia (Internet site).
• Physical culture grades 8-9 Authors: V.I. Lyakh, A.A. Zdanevich

The skiing report on physical education for kids, summarized in this article, will tell you about the most popular winter sport in the world.

Report on the topic: "Skiing"

First, about the history of skiing. Even though it wasn't like that in the beginning. People invented skis so that in winter it was convenient to move while hunting or in snowy areas. This is evidenced by numerous archaeological finds.

It can be seen from ancient manuscripts that skis were used as early as the 6th century. Greek and Gothic scholars described the adaptations of the Finns, thanks to which they moved while hunting in the snow.

As a sport, they took shape in the 18th century. The first to turn skiing into a sport were the Norwegians. In the country in 1733, a decree was issued, according to which they began to prepare for sports on skis. In 1767, full-fledged championships in racing, biathlon, slalom and downhill began to be actively held.

In Norway and Finland, after that, ski resorts were opened. sports clubs. Some time later, the US, Asian and European countries joined the ski movement, began to organize sections.

In 1924, ski competitions were included in the program of the Olympic Games. In the post-Soviet space sports skating skiing was born on December 16, 1895, when the first ski club was opened in Moscow.

Types of skiing

• Sprint. It's ski racing. They train a person's endurance and cardiovascular system.
• ski jumping. It is a dangerous and exciting sport. Its essence is that the athlete must fly more than 100 meters in the air and land smoothly.
• Skiing. This is the most popular sport. To overcome long distances at speed, a skier needs to train for a long time, work out the technique and be in good physical shape.
• Slalom. This is a descent from the mountain during which it is necessary to go around the flags placed on the way.
• Freestyle. The skier, going down the mountainside, performs various acrobatic stunts: rotations, somersaults, flips.
• Biathlon. This sports racing, which are combined with the shooting of their bow or rifle.
• snowboarding. Skis were replaced by a special board.

What are the benefits of skiing?

1. Strengthens the muscles of the legs, back, shoulders, arms and abs.
2. Develops balance and agility.
3. Strengthens the cardiovascular system.
4. Helps keep the body in good shape.
5. Skiing promotes the production of hormones of happiness - endorphins.

We hope that the report on physical education on the topic "Skiing" helped you prepare for the lesson. And you can add a story about skiing through the comment form below.

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I learned to ski when I was 4 years old. At our school, ski training is an obligatory part of physical education lessons in the winter. As soon as the snow falls, in our city small and big skiers can be found in the forest and in the stadium. I was curious, who and when invented skiing? How many types of skis are there in the modern world? And why skis are lubricated? I decided to do some research.

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Expand the area of ​​\u200b\u200bpersonal knowledge on the topic “Skiing”. Find answers to your questions. Determine empirically the effect of ski waxes on glide.

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Gather information from the history of skiing. Find out what types of skis are. Find out the effect of ski ointments on glide. Learn how to prepare your skis for skiing.

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Skiing is an amazing invention of primitive man. In distant historical times, it was very difficult to get food, to move from one settlement to another in winter through deep snow. Then the man discovered that by tying two specially shaped pieces of wood to his feet, he could move faster through snow-covered fields and forests. The history of skiing goes back several millennia. This is confirmed by rock paintings in the caves of Norway, made about 7000 years ago. Many centuries later, skis began to be used by the armies of the Scandinavian countries, then by the military in Russia.

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There are several types of skis, all of them are designed for different purposes, have different shapes, lengths, weights, and are used in various sports.

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Ever since the invention of skis, people have been striving to improve their glide. In ancient times, skis were lined with animal skins. Such a coating provided good sliding forward, while preventing reverse slippage. Over time, people came up with the idea of ​​\u200b\u200blubricating skis with wax and lard, while the glide improved significantly. Nowadays, no one treats skis with natural fats, everyone uses special ski ointments. Modern ointments are divided into two types: sliding lubricants and holding lubricants. Each ski wax is applicable at a certain air temperature.

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Wooden skis must be impregnated with a special resin, then they do not get wet when skiing on warm days and snow sticks to them less. Plastic skis glide well, but in both directions. Therefore, for a classic move, holding lubricant must be applied to the central part of the ski. On the rest of the surface with sliding lubricant. When skating, the entire surface of the skis must be coated with glide lubricant. I have established by experience:

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This Gounde pack for ski waxing includes red wax for weather (+1° - 0°), purple for (0° - 3°), blue for (-3° - 9°) and rubbing plug. In practice, in different weather, I used all types of ointment and found out: If the skis slip during the classic course, you need to put a warmer ointment under the block on top of the old one and rub it with a cork. If the skis go badly or do not go at all, then the ointment was chosen incorrectly and does not correspond to the air temperature. It is necessary to remove the old ointment with a scraper and apply a new one.