Types of technical training in sports. Athlete's technical training. Internal forces are the forces during muscle contraction.

Sports technique is a conscious, purposeful performance by an athlete of movements and actions aimed at achieving a certain effect in the exercise, associated with the manifestation of volitional and muscular efforts to the required extent, using and overcoming environmental conditions.

In the process of learning, the level of mastery of technique changes from elementary, simplified technique of a beginner to high technical skill of a master.

What are these claims based on?

Motor skill in power types sports, where sports achivments associated with lifting weights, can be qualified as an automated way to perform the exercise. Since any action is associated with the manifestation physical qualities(and in barbell exercises primarily with strength, speed and flexibility), movement control, carried out on the basis of a firmly fixed skill, should change as development progresses. motor abilities. "A certain motor skill corresponds to a dynamic stereotype in the cerebral cortex, which determines greater accuracy, rhythm, consistency, and identity of movements."

A skill is a firmly fixed action in all its integrity and complexity. Its formation occurs as a result of a long process of learning and training. With an increase in the weight of the bar, along with a change in the spatio-temporal characteristics of the movement, the tension of the muscles and the nature of the efforts change. The degree of effort is determined by " muscle feeling". "Our actions are not controlled by ghosts like various forms of the I, but by thoughts and feelings." The transition from thoughts and feelings to action is associated with the ability to actively excite and inhibit certain motor centers.

Thus, on the one hand, the degree of motor skill automation depends to some extent on the qualitative manifestation of motor activity, on the other hand, the level of development of these qualities affects the way the exercise is performed, its sports technique. Important feature motor skill, its strength, stability, allowing the athlete to repeat the learned action stereotypically many times.

As you know, in the process sports training the athlete prepares to perform an exercise with a barbell of increasingly significant weight. The conducted studies show that with an increase in the weight of the bar, many kinematic, rhythmic and dynamic characteristics of movements change in qualified athletes.

Under competitive conditions, when an athlete lifts a barbell that is significantly higher than training weights, movement control is extrapolated into a new structure. Extrapolation is the ability nervous system on the basis of existing experience, it is adequate to solve newly emerging motor tasks. Due to this, the athlete's body masters a certain number of skill options when lifting a barbell of different weights, acquires the ability to correctly perform an exercise with a greater weight of the barbell. You should know that with the same repetition of the performance of a motor action (for example, a repeated exercise with the same weight of the barbell), the possibilities for extrapolation are narrowed, with a variety of their performance, they are expanded.

The technique of competitive exercises in powerlifting, if you delve into all its subtleties, is diverse and individual. Performing exercises with a bar takes place in certain specific conditions and is characterized by the peculiar actions of a powerlifter. Consider these specific features and difficult conditions that complicate and limit the athlete's motor activity:

1. Exercises in powerlifting are performed with weights of both small and medium, as well as maximum and supramaximal weights. This requires from muscular system an athlete participating in movements, manifestations of various in magnitude, up to maximum, dynamic and static stresses. The heavier the projectile, the more muscle gets involved in the movement.

2. The athlete's body is an open kinematic chain with a large number of links, with almost all links having three degrees of freedom of movement, which ultimately provides subtle and diverse movements in terms of coordination.

Open kinematic chain human body is a kind of living system of bone levers, where in most cases, under the conditions of performing powerlifting exercises, mechanical conditions prevail, contributing to a gain in speed and distance, and not in strength. Considering this, in order to successfully perform exercises with high power stress, it is necessary to put the joints and links of the body in such optimal positions to ensure maximum synchronization in the work of the participants. muscle groups, and the greatest manifestation of strength by each muscle.

3. In the process of performing an exercise with weights, there is an alternation of overcoming relatively calm, yielding and static efforts. Short-term movements by inertia are observed, as well as the manifestation of efforts of a different nature simultaneously in different parts of the body, when some muscle groups actively move, performing dynamic work, while others fix a certain position in the joints, performing static work. There is a continuous change and the most varied alternation of dynamic and static modes of operation, both of the whole body and of individual links.

4. The conditions of balance during the performance of exercises with a barbell are somewhat unusual. The general center of mass of the "athlete-barbell" system continuously, until the end of the exercise, either rises or falls, or vice versa (squatting), over a limited area of ​​\u200b\u200bsupport. When studying the technique of exercises in powerlifting, the athlete and the bar should be considered as a single closed mechanical system that has a common support, where the main actor system is an athlete.

2.1. Fundamentals of technology

Distinguish the basis of the technique of movements, its defining link and details.

The basis of technology is a combination of those links and features of the dynamic, kinematic and rhythmic structure of movement, which, of course, are necessary for solving a motor task in a certain way (the necessary sequence in the manifestation muscle strength; the necessary composition of movements coordinated in space and time, etc.).

Loss or violation of at least one element or ratio in a given set makes it impossible to solve the motor task itself. In accordance with the established concepts of rational and efficient way performing exercises, the following requirements can be attributed to the basics of movement technique in competitive exercises in powerlifting:

1. Creation of optimal angular relations in the working joints, especially in the most difficult sections of the way of lifting the barbell (for example, in "dead spots"), when it is impossible to use its movement by inertia.

2. Sequential inclusion in the work of certain muscle groups, at first stronger, then less strong.

3. Ensuring the most rational direction of its movement on each section of the way of lifting the bar and informing it of the optimal speed.

IN various types sports process of technical improvement is characterized by its specificity. It is determined by the features of the corresponding motor activity, in particular, kinematic and dynamic structures, as well as by the variability of actions. From this point of view, individual sports are grouped into three main groups (D. D. Donskoy). This classification, although conditional, is considered a good guideline in the selection of means and methods for improving technical skills.

The first group - sports that have a stable kinematic structure (sports and gymnastics, figure skating, diving, etc.). Characteristic for this group of exercises is that their form and nature are pre-established on the basis of a rational biomechanical structure and a number of requirements for style and aesthetics, which obliges the athlete to comply with them. The main task that is set here is to increase the stability and quality of performance. Consideration of the technical arsenal is provided by modeling new exercises, the dynamic and energy characteristics of which must correspond to the individual capabilities of the athlete. Special attention in this group, when improving technical skills, one should refer to the optimal sequence of exercises in terms of difficulty, complexity, style, aesthetic value, etc.

Second characteristic feature technical training is a strict sequence and systematic control in the execution of each element and the timely elimination of errors. These requirements increase the role of additional (corrective) information on the part of the coach, whose main task is to create an individual style for the most complete manifestation of the athlete's personal abilities.

The second group - sports that have a stable dynamic structure ( Athletics, weightlifting, skiing, swimming, skating, etc.), in which there is an active promotion. Characteristic for these sports is the achievement of the maximum result on the basis of the created stable dynamic structures, which open up the possibility for the optimal use of the athlete's motor potential. The basis of technical skill here is built on the perfect mastery of the athlete rational technique performance at a high level of general and special physical training. The most important evaluation criteria are high and stable sports results. To improve the structure of movements in this group, imitation, special and auxiliary exercises are widely used, which are used in strict accordance with the biomechanical features of motor activity. Within the annual cycle, the following sequence of improvement of technical skills is recommended:

• improvement of individual elements and subsystems and their gradual integration into an integral system (competitions are not held during this stage);
• increasing the speed and stabilization of the rhythm of movements with the completed structure of the elements in the system (competitions at this stage are educational and training in nature);
• adaptation of the system of movements to the conditions of the competition and the formation of motor and psychological adjustment to achieve the maximum result (a series of preparatory and main competitions is held).

The third group - sports with variability of motor activity (all sport games and martial arts - all types of wrestling, boxing, fencing, etc.). Unlike sports that have a stable structure of technique, movements in this group are distinguished by a large variability of spatial, temporal and power characteristics. In a changing and challenging environment wrestling motor actions are distinguished by a wide variety of options for the most appropriate solution to emerging problems. Simultaneously with the mastery of a wide range of attacking and defensive means and methods, the participants of the competition have in their arsenal "crown" techniques and combinations that characterize their individual characteristics. One of the main distinguishing features technical mastery in this group is the ability to get ahead of the enemy's actions through a whole system of distracting attention (camouflage and combination) movements. This requires the implementation of a significant part of the work of technical training in competition conditions or close to them. Of decisive importance for the effectiveness of technical training is the formation of motor skills and abilities, carried out in close connection with motor qualities, and above all with special dexterity. Thus, a very accurate differentiation of spatial, temporal, power and speed-power characteristics of motor activity is obtained.

Honored Trainer of the USSR, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Professor N. G. Ozolin proposed interesting new and problematic, both from a scientific and practical point of view, searches and approaches to sports improvement.

In table. 6.3 shows the types of sports fitness and some of its components. In particular, the author notes that each sport has its own characteristics that determine the specific requirements for the preparedness of an athlete.

Accordingly, they determine the complexes of fitness components, the points of application of influences and loads that create a partial and general increase in the fitness of an athlete. And the deeper and wider the knowledge of the coach about everything that makes up the sports preparedness of his student, the more accurately and successfully the training program will be drawn up and implemented.

When determining the components of readiness, two groups should be distinguished: the first, due to a greater extent by genetic prerequisites; the second, depending on the degree of fitness.

Table 6.3

Types of sports readiness and some of its components (according to N. G. Ozolin)

Types of preparedness	Components
Culture Level	Ideological and political upbringing	moral qualities. Devotion to the cause. Patriotism, honesty, justice, kindness, etc.	Culture in behavior and communication, in everyday life and in a team, in work and leisure	Education in literature, music, art
Theoretical preparedness	Scientific outlook	Knowledge of the basics of anatomy, physiology, biology, biomechanics, hygiene, self-control, etc.	Knowledge of general basics with the system of legal training	Theoretical and methodological knowledge in the field of sports specialization
Technical readiness in a competitive exercise	Motor skill stability	Lack of excessive tension in movements	Correctness, biomechanical expediency of individual movements, elements, ligaments, techniques, combinations	Muscular efforts and relaxation in separate movements
Ability to build and coordinate movements	The ability to memorize tasks and build a variety of actions from habitual movements	Ability to coordinate complex technical movements (techniques)	Ability to coordinate movements in complicated conditions (dexterity, accuracy, etc.)	Ability to rebuild and improve motor skills

Continuation of the table. 63

Types of preparedness	Components
Learnability	Physical fitness for learning	Psychological readiness for learning	Memory, its types and features of assimilation	Motor representation and verbal description of the studied
Adaptive capabilities	Level allowable loads in various work	Recovery time after different loads	The percentage of increase in the development of physical qualities	Percentage of overload in medium and large training cycles
Physical fitness	General physical	Preliminary special ("special foundation")	Special physical	Physical fitness in individual exercises
General physical fitness	General musculature development and ability to exercise strength	Ability to move quickly	Endurance in various work	Mobility in the joints during a variety of movements
General functional readiness	General state of health in terms of athropomorphological, physiological and medical parameters	Tolerance of the general increased load according to physiological and medical indicators	Recovery after a general load (according to medical tests)	The reaction to the performance of physical training exercises according to biochemical parameters
Special physical fitness	Development of musculature and ability to show strength in the chosen sport	Speed ​​(quickness) of movements in the chosen sport	Endurance in your chosen sport	Mobility in the joints when performing movements in the chosen sport

Continuation of the table. 6.3

Types of preparedness	Components
Special functional readiness	Special preparedness of the “leading” organs and systems in the competitive exercise in terms of physiological, biochemical, morphological and medical indicators	Restorative and adaptive reactions after a competitive exercise in terms of physiological, biochemical and chemical and medical indicators	The reaction to the performance of special exercises and tests on physiological, biochemical, morphological and medical indicators	Restoration of the functions of individual organs and systems after performing special exercises and tests for physiological, morphological and medical indicators
Preliminary special preparedness ("special foundation")	Ability to perform a competitive exercise for a long time at moderate and medium intensity	The ability to perform a competitive exercise (reception) for a long time in different modes and with different methods	Levels of preparedness components and their ratio in long-term work of moderate and medium intensity	Ability to show will in overcoming the difficulties of long work
Special muscle strength	Strength of Major Muscle Groups in Competitive Exercise	The strength of the absolute and individual muscle groups during the performance of the main movements of the competitive exercise (reception)	Muscle strength in various modes of their work: dynamic, isometric, isoto- logical and ces- sical , ballistic and mixed	The state and readiness of individual muscle groups (volume, length, tissue structure, excitability, elasticity, etc.)

Continuation of the table. 6.3

Types of preparedness	Components
Special speed (speed) of movements	The speed of "leading" movements in a competitive exercise	The speed of motor reaction, decision-making, its implementation, change, inhibition	Speed ​​and acceleration of movements (techniques) in various modes of muscular work: d and namic, isoto- 11 and chess, ballistic
Special Endurance	Endurance in competitive exercise	Endurance in different modes of performing a competitive exercise (reception)	Physiological and biochemical "ceilings" and indicators of recovery work in the functions of "leading" organs and systems	The ratio of fast and slow muscle fibers. Elasticity and elasticity of muscles
tactical readiness	The total assessment of all components of the competitive exercise tactics	Memorability and execution of tactics	The ability to choose and implement tactical decisions in various situations	Tactical thinking and responsiveness
Psychological preparedness	Preparedness for the conditions of the "battlefield", "carpet"	Psychological stability in a competitive exercise (reception) in normal and more difficult and difficult conditions	The power of motivation in the pursuit of a goal	Reaction to positive and negative influences, to failures and defeats in competitions

The end of the table. 63

Types of preparedness	Components
Volitional qualities	The ability to show willpower to win, overcome record "ceilings", reveal potential forces	The ability to concentrate, show courage, determination, composure, etc. when performing sports exercises(receptions)	Reaction to extreme conditions, courage, immediacy of action, etc.	Hard work, perseverance in overcoming difficulties, in striving for the goal
Special mobility in the joints	Amplitude in the movements of the competitive exercise (reception)	"Reserve" in the amplitude of movements of a competitive exercise (reception)	Amplitude in the movements of special exercises	The degree of tension of the antagonist muscles. Elasticity of muscles and ligaments in the movements of a competitive exercise (reception)
Integral readiness	Sports results in a competitive exercise, hold, bout	The total assessment of all components that make up the integral preparedness	Stability, stability of the performance of a competitive exercise (reception) in the conditions of ordinary, difficult, complicated and facilitated	Accuracy of ideomotor performance of a competitive exercise (handling, combination)

When selecting promising athletes, it is especially important to take into account the components of the first group. All components of sports readiness are interconnected and manifest as numerous morphoanatomical, physiological, biochemical and motor capabilities of a single organism.

The leading components are determined by the indicators of control exercises for strength, speed, endurance, etc. Until now, it is widely believed that in some sports technique is decisive, in others - strength, in the third - speed, in the fourth - endurance. And today often, accordingly, the coach has a desire to direct all the efforts of the athlete to the development of the leading component of preparedness. By this far ns the best way. At present, it is no longer possible to conduct training without taking into account the possibilities of all the components that make up special preparedness (N. G. Ozolin).

Significant reserves for increasing the efficiency of improving technical and tactical skills are associated with the development of new methods and informative tests in various sports.

• Kinematics is a branch of mechanics that studies the characteristics of the motion of bodies without taking into account their mass and the forces acting on them.

Distinguish between general and special technical training. General technical training is aimed at mastering a variety of motor skills and abilities necessary in sports activities.

Tasks in the process of general technical training, the following are solved:

1.Increase (or restore) the range motor skills and skills that are a prerequisite for the formation of skills in the chosen sport;

2. Master the technique of exercises used as means of OFI. Special technical training is aimed at mastering the technical movements in the chosen sport. It provides the following tasks:

1. To form knowledge about the technique of sports activities;

2. To develop individual forms of movement technique that most fully correspond to the capabilities of the athlete;

3. To form the skills necessary for successful participation in competitions;

4. To transform and update the forms of technique (to the extent that this is dictated by the laws of sports and tactical improvement);

5. To form new variants of sports equipment that have not been used before (for example, the shot put technique according to the principle of rotation, as in discus throwing).

In the process of technical training, a complex of means and methods of sports training is used. Conventionally, they can be divided into two groups:

Means and methods of verbal, visual and sensory-correctional influence.

These include:

a) conversations, explanations, story, description, etc.;

b) showing the technique of the studied movement;

c) demonstration of posters, diagrams, films, videotapes, etc.

d) the use of subject and other landmarks;

e) sound and light leading;

f) various simulators, control devices, urgent information devices.

Means and methods, which are based on the performance by an athlete of any exercise .

In this case, apply:

A); general preparatory exercises. They allow you to master a variety of skills that are the foundation for the growth of technical skills in your chosen sport;

b) special-preparatory and competitive exercises. They are aimed at mastering the technique of their sport;

c) methods of integral and dissected exercise. They are aimed at mastering, correcting, fixing and improving the technique of an integral motor action or its separate parts, phases, elements;

d) uniform, variable, repeated, interval, game,

competitive and other methods, contributing mainly to the improvement and stabilization of movement technique.

The use of these means and methods depends on the characteristics of the technique of the chosen sport, the age and qualifications of the athlete, the stages of technical training in the annual and multi-year training cycles.

Stages and content of technical training in long-term and annual cycles of training.

The process of technical training is carried out during the entire long-term training of an athlete.

The long-term process of technical training of an athlete can be divided into three stages:

1. The stage of basic technical training.

2. The stage of in-depth technical improvement and the achievement of the highest sports and technical skills.

3. Stage of preservation of sports and technical skills.

The process of mastering and improving the technique of movements within the annual cycle of training for qualified athletes largely depends on the patterns of acquisition, preservation and further development of sports form.

In this regard, three stages of technical training are distinguished in the annual cycle:

1.Search;

2. stabilization;

3 Adaptive improvement (adaptive).

Technical training at the first stage is aimed at the formation of a new technique of competitive actions (or its updated material), improvement of its prerequisites for its practical development, learning (or relearning) of individual movements that are part of competitive actions. This stage coincides with the first half of the preparatory period.

At the second stage, technical training is aimed at in-depth development and consolidation of integral skills of competitive actions. It covers a significant part of the second half of the preparatory period.

At the third stage, technical training is aimed at improving the formed skills, increasing the range of their expedient variability (variability), stability (stability), and reliability in relation to the conditions of the main competitions. This stage usually begins with the final part of the preparation period and extends to the competition period as a whole.

The main tasks of each stage technical training while improving technical skills are:

1. Achieving high stability and rational variability of motor skills, which form the basis of techniques in the chosen sport, increasing their effectiveness in competitive conditions;

2. Partial restructuring of motor skills, improvement of kinematics or dynamics of individual parts of the skill in terms of the achievements of modern science and the requirements of sports practice.

Technical training is aimed at teaching the athlete the technique of movements and bringing them to perfection.

Sports equipment - this is a way of performing a sports action, which is characterized by a certain degree of efficiency and rationality of the athlete's use of his psychophysical capabilities.

The role of sports equipment in different sports is not the same. There are four groups of sports with their characteristic sports equipment:

1. Speed-strength sports (sprinting, throwing, jumping, weightlifting, etc.). In these sports, the technique is aimed at ensuring that the athlete can develop the most powerful and fastest efforts in the leading phases of the competitive exercise.

2. Sports with the manifestation of endurance (running long distances). Here, the technique is aimed at economizing the consumption of energy resources in the body of an athlete.

3. Sports, with the art of movement (gymnastics, acrobatics, diving, etc.). Technique should provide the athlete with beauty, expressiveness and accuracy of movements.

4. Sports games and martial arts. Technique should provide high performance, stability and variability in the changing conditions of competitive struggle.

The technical readiness of an athlete is characterized by what he can do and how he masters the technique. High level technical readiness is called technical skill.

The criteria for technical excellence are:

1. Scope of technique - the total number of techniques that an athlete can perform.

2. Versatility of technology - the degree of diversity of technical methods. These indicators of technical skill are especially significant in those sports where there is a large arsenal of technical actions - sports games, martial arts, gymnastics, figure skating.

3. Efficiency of possession of sports equipment, proximity of sports action equipment to an individually optimal option. Evaluation of the effectiveness of technology is carried out in several ways:

a) its comparison with some biomechanical standard. If the technique is close to biomechanically rational, it is recognized as the most effective;

b) comparison of the evaluated movement technique with the technique of athletes highly qualified;

c) comparison of the sports result with the results in technically simpler tasks that characterize the athlete's motor potential - power, speed-strength, etc. For example, running from 30 m from a low and then a high start is performed. The time difference will characterize the effectiveness of the technique low start;

d) comparison of the shown result with the expenditure of energy and forces during the performance of a motor action. The lower the energy costs, i.e. the economy of his movements, the higher the efficiency of the technique.

4. Mastering the technique of movements. This criterion shows how this technical action is memorized and fixed.

For well-mastered movements are typical:

a) the stability of the sports result and a number of characteristics of the movement technique when it is performed under standard conditions;

b) stability (relatively low variability) of the result when performing an action (when the athlete’s state changes, the opponent’s actions in complicated conditions);

c) preservation of motor skills during breaks in training;

d) automation of actions.

Types of training:

General technical training is aimed at mastering a variety of motor skills and abilities necessary in sports activities. Special training aimed at mastering special techniques inherent in a particular sport and sports specialization.

Tasks of general technical training:

1. Increase (or restore) the range of motor skills and abilities that are a prerequisite for the formation of skills in the chosen sport.

2. Master the technique of exercises used as a means of physical training.

Tasks of special technical training:

1. To form knowledge about the technique of sports activities.

2. To develop individual forms of movement technique that most fully correspond to the capabilities of an athlete.

3. To form the skills necessary for successful participation in competitions.

4. To transform and update the forms of technique (to the extent that this is dictated by the laws of sports and tactical improvement).

5. To form new variants of sports equipment that have not been used before (for example, the “fosbury flop” in high jumps; the shot put technique according to the principle of rotation, as in discus throwing; “skating” in skiing, etc.).

In the process of technical training, a set of tools and

sports training methods. Conventionally, they can be divided into two groups:

Means and methods of verbal, visual and sensory-correctional influence. These include:

a) conversations, explanations, story, description, etc.;

b) showing the technique of the studied movement;

c) demonstration of posters, diagrams, films, videotapes, etc.;

d) the use of subject and other landmarks;

e) sound and light leading;

f) various simulators, recording devices, urgent information devices.

Means and methods, which are based on the performance of any physical exercises by an athlete:

a) preparatory exercises. They allow you to master a variety of skills that are the foundation for the growth of technical skills in your chosen sport;

c) methods of integral and dissected exercise. They are aimed at mastering, correcting, fixing and improving the technique of an integral motor action or its separate parts, phases, elements;

d) uniform, variable, repeated, interval, game, competitive and other methods that mainly contribute to the improvement and stabilization of movement technique.

The use of these tools and methods depends on the characteristics of the technique. chosen kind sports, age and qualification of an athlete, stages of technical training in annual and multi-year training cycles.

Assessment of technical readiness. Control over technical readiness consists in assessing the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the technique of the athlete's actions during the performance of competitive and training exercises.

Control of equipment is carried out visually and instrumentally. The criteria for the technical mastery of an athlete are the volume of technique, the versatility of technique and efficiency:

The volume of technique is determined by the total number of actions that an athlete performs on training sessions and competitions. He is controlled by counting these actions.

The versatility of technique is determined by the degree of variety of motor actions that an athlete owns and uses them in competitive activity. They control the number of various actions, the ratio of techniques performed to the right and left sides (in games), attacking and defensive actions, etc.

The effectiveness of a technique is determined by the degree of its proximity to the individually optimal variant. Efficient technique- one that ensures the achievement of the maximum possible result within the framework of this movement.

Sports result is an important, but not the only criterion for the effectiveness of a technique. Methods for evaluating the effectiveness of a technique are based on the implementation of the athlete's motor potential.

In cyclic sports, technical efficiency indicators are especially important, since there is a quite clear pattern - an inversely proportional relationship between the level of technical skill and the amount of effort, physical costs per unit of the sports result indicator (meter of the way).

To bring out an objective definition of the meaning of technique, I use scientific approach. This allows me to find universal and correct answers to the questions raised. What is technique in general and what makes dance technique so necessary?
“Sports technique in general is a collective term for a set of technical skills used directly or used in a particular sport. Technical skills are a proven, functional and effective set of movements that provide solutions to a given problem in sports.” (Hohmann & Lames, Letzfelder, 2002)
In my opinion, this definition is scientifically correct, but does not fully capture the meaning of ballroom dancing technique. Our technique has a strong cultural tradition, a cultural history, as well as an important aesthetic component (which is different from most other sports). This is what makes our technique special.
To fully understand the meaning of our dance technique and its implications for performance, let's take a look at the Sports Categories model.
This model shows that all sports grouped in one of the categories have general attitude and the importance of technology to them. Creating this distinction between different " Sports categories” can help us to understand that sports in this category have the same problems and challenges in terms of learning, teaching, developing and using technology.

"Sports categories":
Combined competitions (dance, figure skating, water gymnastics, etc.)
Measuring competitions (speed, distance…) (sprint, pole vault, etc.)
Endurance competitions (long-distance running, cross-country skiing, etc.)
Games and martial arts (football, basketball, karate, etc.)

Dance is a combined sport. In this category, more than in others, technology plays a prominent and prominent role. Technique on combined sports referred to and described as "process oriented". On the other hand, we also find the so-called "goal-oriented" technique, which is interpreted differently in the other three categories.

In "goal-oriented" methods, we see a functional movement with a clearly defined goal of execution (throwing a basketball into the basket). It does not evaluate how the movement itself is performed. However, in combined sports, technique is not just a means of completion, but a means of artistic expression and - perhaps even more important for our discussion - a judging criterion.

Technique in sports:
1. Definition of "process oriented" styles - the goal of the competition is to correctly execute the required technique, this reflects the current level of the athlete. The technique used to achieve this goal Maybe vary depending on the individual athlete (Combined Events).
2. The definition of "goal-oriented" styles - technique serves as a solution to the problem. The movements that are used to solve this problem can strongly be different for different athletes (Measuring competitions, Endurance competitions, Games and martial arts).

Accordingly, it can be argued that the technique in ballroom dancing also implies:
“The manifestation of fitness-like capabilities (endurance, strength, flexibility, coordination) and movement accuracy. Technique also plays an independent role in solving motion problems. It is the main evaluation criterion.

Generally speaking, technique is a collective term for a range of motor skills that enable us to solve movement problems in the most efficient, economical, and aesthetically pleasing way. It should also be taken into account that our technique is the subject of judges' evaluations.
It is because of this that the freedom of movement of the dancer is limited. After all, form and precision are considered a sign of sportsmanship and skill. Since this can be interpreted as "breaking the rules", dancers tend to refrain from individual interpretations, especially early in their careers and sometimes later.
Conclusion: Technique can really limit dancers (as well as any other athlete in the combined competition category), as it by its very nature limits the possibilities of expression and interpretation.