Physical Culture and sports

Physical Culture- the sphere of social activity aimed at maintaining and strengthening health, developing the psychophysical abilities of a person in the process of conscious motor activity. Physical Culture- a part of culture, which is a set of values, norms and knowledge created and used by society for the purpose of physical and intellectual development of a person's abilities, improvement of his motor activity and formation healthy lifestyle life, social adaptation through physical education, physical training and physical development (in accordance with the Federal Law Russian Federation dated December 4, 2007 N 329-FZ "On physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation");

The main indicators of the state of physical culture in society are:

• the level of health and physical development of people;
• the degree of use of physical culture in the field of upbringing and education, in production and everyday life.

General information

The term "physical culture" appeared at the end of the 19th century in England during the rapid development of modern sports, but did not find wide use in the West and eventually disappeared from everyday life. In Russia, on the contrary, having come into use since the beginning of the 20th century, after the revolution of 1917, the term "physical culture" received its recognition in all high Soviet authorities and firmly entered the scientific and practical lexicon. In 1918, the Institute of Physical Culture was opened in Moscow, in 1919 Vseobuch held a congress on physical culture, from 1922 the journal "Physical Culture" was published, and from 1925 to the present - the journal "Theory and Practice of Physical Culture". Gradually, the term "physical culture" became widespread in the countries of the former socialist camp and in some countries of the "third world". The very name "physical culture" indicates its belonging to culture. Physical culture is a kind common culture, the side of the activity for the development, improvement, maintenance and restoration of values ​​in the field of physical improvement of a person for the self-realization of his spiritual and physical abilities and its socially significant results related to the performance of his duties in society.

Physical culture is a part of the general culture of mankind and has absorbed not only the centuries-old valuable experience of preparing a person for life, mastering, developing and managing for the benefit of a person by nature (from a religious point of view - by God) physical and mental abilities, but what is not less important, and the experience of approval and hardening manifested in the process physical culture activities moral, ethical principles of man. Thus, in physical culture, contrary to its literal meaning, people's achievements in improving their physical and, to a large extent, mental and moral qualities are reflected. The level of development of these qualities, as well as personal knowledge, skills for their improvement, constitute the personal values ​​of physical culture and determine the physical culture of the individual as one of the facets of the general culture of a person..

Means of physical culture

The main means of physical culture, developing and harmonizing all manifestations of the life of the human body, are conscious (conscious) activities in a variety of ways. exercise(bodily movements), most of which are invented or improved by the person himself. They suggest a gradual increase physical activity from exercise and warm-up to training, from training to sports games and competitions, from them to the establishment of both personal and general sports records with the growth of personal physical capabilities. Combined with the use of the natural forces of nature (the sun, air and water are our best friends!), hygiene factors, diet and rest, and depending on personal goals, physical culture allows you to harmoniously develop and heal the body and keep it in excellent condition. physical condition long years.

Components of physical culture

Each of the components of physical culture has a certain independence, its own target setting, material and technical support, a different level of development and the amount of personal values. Therefore, sport in the activity sphere of physical culture is singled out especially, using the phrases "physical culture and sport", "physical culture and sport". In this case, under "physical culture", "physical culture" in the narrow sense, it is just possible to mean mass physical culture and therapeutic physical culture.

Mass physical culture

Mass physical culture is formed by people's physical culture activities as part of the process of physical education and self-education for their general physical development and health improvement, improvement of motor capabilities, improvement of physique and posture, as well as physical recreational activities.

Physical recreation

Recreation (lat. - recreatio, literally - restoration) - 1) holidays, a change at school, 2) a room for rest in educational institutions, 3) rest, restoration of human strength. Physical recreation is motor leisure and entertainment using physical exercises, outdoor games, various sports, as well as the natural forces of nature, as a result of which pleasure is obtained and good health and mood are achieved, mental and physical performance. As a rule, classes at the level of mass physical culture for a healthy person are not associated with very large physical and volitional efforts, however, they create a powerful disciplining, tonic and harmonizing background for all aspects of his activity.

Healing Fitness

Another, also unsportsmanlike in terms of goals, direction of physical culture is formed by therapeutic physical culture (motor rehabilitation), which uses specially selected physical exercises and, as already noted, some sports equipment for the treatment and restoration of body functions impaired as a result of diseases, injuries, overwork and other causes.

Sport

Adaptive physical culture

The specificity of this activity sphere is expressed in the complementary definition “adaptive”, which emphasizes the purpose of physical culture means for people with health problems. This suggests that physical culture in all its manifestations should stimulate positive morpho-functional changes in the body, thereby forming the necessary motor coordination, physical qualities and abilities aimed at life support, development and improvement of the body. The main direction of adaptive physical culture is the formation of motor activity as a biological and social factor of influence on the body and personality of a person. Knowledge of the essence of this phenomenon is the methodological foundation of adaptive physical culture. St. Petersburg University of Physical Education. P. F. Lesgaft, the faculty of adaptive physical culture was opened, the task of which is to train highly qualified specialists to work in the field of physical culture of the disabled.

Physical education

The modern broad concept of “physical education” means an organic component of general education - an educational, pedagogical process aimed at mastering the personal values ​​of physical culture by a person. In other words, the goal of physical education is the formation of a person's physical culture, that is, that side of a person's general culture that helps to realize his biological and spiritual potential. The founder of the scientific system of physical education (originally - education), harmoniously contributing to mental development and moral education young man, is in Russia a Russian teacher, anatomist and doctor Pyotr Frantsevich Lesgaft (1837-1909). Created by him in 1896, the “Courses of Teachers and Heads of Physical Education” was the first higher educational institution in Russia for the training of specialists in physical education, the prototype of the modern St. Petersburg Academy of Physical Culture named after P.F. Lesgaft. Graduates of the academy receive a higher physical education and become specialists in various fields of physical culture, including in the field of physical education, that is, the development of physical culture values ​​by people. In relation to work in higher educational institutions, such a specialist is called a teacher of physical culture, or a teacher of the department of physical education. The terms "physical education" should be distinguished as vocational training in special educational institutions and physical education”in its original (according to P.F. Lesgaft) sense of physical education. IN English language the term "physical education" can be used in both senses. It should also be borne in mind that the English term “en:physical culture” in the sense of our broad concept of “physical culture” is not in use abroad. There, depending on the specific direction of physical activity, the words “en: sport”, “en: physical education”, “en: physical training”, “en: fitness”, etc. are used. Physical education in unity with mental, moral, aesthetic and labor education ensures the all-round development of the individual. Moreover, these aspects of the general process of education are to a large extent manifested in the process of physical education organized accordingly.

In higher educational institutions, the process of physical education of students is carried out at the Department of Physical Education through the discipline "Physical Culture".

The goal of physical education is achieved in solving interrelated health-improving, developing, educational and upbringing tasks.

Health-improving and developing tasks of physical education include:

• strengthening health and hardening of the body;
• harmonious development of the body and physiological functions of the organism;
• comprehensive development of physical and mental qualities;
• security high level performance and creative longevity.

It is believed that in order to accomplish these tasks total time training sessions in the discipline "Physical culture" and additional self-study physical exercise and sports for each student should be at least 5 hours a week.

Introduction

Physical culture and sports are historically conditioned social phenomena. Their content, goals, objectives, forms of organization and methods of use are subject to the general laws of social development and completely depend on the nature of social relations.

Physical development is carried out in the process of all human life under the influence of family education, during the period of study, work, physical culture and sports during leisure.

Sports associated with top achievements manifestations of both physical and motor abilities, as well as intellectual, mental qualities of a person, has become an extremely complex form of human activity.

If these possibilities are ignored human body, then, as a rule, it is not possible to achieve high sports results.

One of the main tasks of the creative community of a coach-teacher and an athlete is the achievement of an individually different level of training load, which ensures sports success.

Thus, physical culture and sports are only one of the factors influencing the physical development of a person.

Features of the industry "Physical culture and sports"

Physical culture and sports are one of the areas of social activity. The development of this sphere takes place in the conditions of a single economic complex.

Physical culture and sports as a branch of the economy is a system of enterprises, institutions and organizations that carry out activities aimed at ensuring the comprehensive physical improvement of a person.

When attributing one or another type of social activity to physical culture and sports as a branch of the economy, one proceeds from the need to create better conditions to improve the efficiency of the work of physical culture workers and the quality of training of athletes and athletes.

The most important condition the formation of physical culture and sports as a branch of the economy is the achievement of a large scale of work to meet the needs of members of society in physical development and the emergence on this basis of enterprises, organizations and institutions connected by the unity of management, purposefulness of their activities and functional role.

The formation of physical culture and sports as a branch of the economy is due to the need to ensure the coordinated actions of all services and interconnected divisions of this sphere - to increase the efficiency of managing this sphere, to coordinate efforts aimed at the even distribution of fixed assets and personnel throughout the country.

All this should contribute to a more successful implementation of measures to develop physical culture and sports and increase labor productivity.

Physical culture and sports should be classified as "consumer production". Using the fruits of material production ( athletic facilities, inventory, clothing, etc.), physical culture produces its specific products - sports services, intangible benefits, expanding the fund of personal consumption of society.

Physical cultures and sports have their own specific elements of "consumer production".

These are, firstly, the means of labor: sports facilities, their equipment, sports equipment;

secondly, the work of physical culture workers; thirdly, the subject of labor is athletes and athletes.

The current classification refers physical culture to the aggregated industry "health, physical culture and social security."

According to the classification of sectors of the economy currently used in the practice of statistical accounting and planning, the sectors of the production sector include: industry, agriculture, forestry, construction, freight transport, communications for servicing industrial enterprises, geology and exploration of subsoil, trade and public food, logistics and marketing, procurement, other activities in the sphere of material production.

The non-productive sphere includes such industries as education, culture, art, science, housing and communal services and consumer services, passenger transport and communications for servicing the population and organizations of the non-productive sphere of activity, lending and state insurance, management and public organizations, as well as health care, physical culture and social security.

Diametrically opposed opinions are often expressed about the principles for constructing the classification of economic sectors and the boundaries of the production and non-production spheres of the economy, individual industries and activities, attributing them to one or another area. At the same time, everyone refers physical culture and sports to the non-productive sphere. However, there are also discrepancies here.

The problem is not only to determine the place of physical culture in one or another list of non-productive industries, but also to identify the level of its isolation, relationships with other industries, development trends.

Only on this basis it is possible to characterize the economic relations that arise in physical culture as a branch of the economy, the laws of its internal development and relations with other branches.

In statistical collections, data on physical culture until 1973 were published in the section "Health", and since 1973 - in the section "Growth of material well-being".

V. Lozovoy uses the concept of "physical culture and sports" and refers them to recreational and educational activities, which, in addition to health care, rest homes and sanatoriums, includes nurseries and kindergartens, as well as homes for the elderly and disabled.

Researcher of the non-productive sphere D.I. Pravdin proposes to combine the organization of recreation, physical culture and sports, etc. into one branch.

It is characteristic, firstly, that in all publications of recent years, physical culture and sports are distinguished as an independent branch of the non-productive sphere.

Secondly, the inclusion of physical culture and sports in various combinations with other industries indicates a certain difficulty in the analysis associated with the polyfunctional properties of this industry.

Thirdly, it is clear that it is necessary to specially analyze the place and role of physical culture and sports in the structure of the national economy and their reflection in the classification.

Physical culture and sports can be considered as a “pure” industry, “economic” or “departmental-management”, depending on what elements of the structure it includes. Without this, it is impossible to accurately determine either its role in the national economy or its place in the structure; it is impossible to properly manage it.

As a “pure” branch, physical culture and sports consist of sports clubs, physical education institutions, independent sports facilities and some other physical culture and sports organizations structurally included in other industries.

IN last years much more attention was paid to the growth of quality indicators physical culture work. This is evidenced by the rapid growth in the number sports schools, the number of trained rated athletes and masters of sports in comparison with the growth in the number of athletes and the entire population of the country.

In the departmental and managerial structure of the national economy, physical culture and sports occupy a much more modest place than in the structure of "pure" industries.

As for physical culture and sports, now this industry, in addition to physical culture and sports organizations - the “production link”, includes research and educational institutes, service and material support organizations, design institutes and its own management bodies.

In short, physical culture and sports as an industry have all the necessary elements of a modern organizational and managerial industry and do not differ from other independent industries.

Currently, the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism is the single state body for managing the industry. However, a significant number of physical culture and sports organizations of a certain type are managed by other ministries (departments).

Yes, control modern system sports schools are characterized by a pronounced intersectoral fragmentation: 63.8% of sports schools are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation; the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism - 16.4%; trade unions - 13.6%; other ministries (departments) - 6.2%.

Physical culture and sports as a "departmental-administrative" branch reflects its economic and organizational structure existing at this stage. The industry includes enterprises producing sporting goods, economic organizations of sports committees and DSOs.

But this does not include a part of sports workers and organizations that are included in other departmental and managerial sectors of the national economy, both industrial and non-productive (in particular, therapeutic physical culture in healthcare and recreation organizations, medical bio-sports dispensaries, departments (sentors) physical culture in other organizations).

Thus, there can be only one conclusion: physical culture and sports are an independent branch of the national economy and therefore should be distinguished not only as a “pure” branch, but also as a departmental-administrative branch.

Intersectoral relations of the branch "Physical culture and sport"

In our time, no branch of the economy can successfully develop without relying on the conscious use of economic laws inherent in the entire economy of the country, both as a whole and in this industry separately. Physical culture and sports as a sphere of social activity function within the framework of established social relations.

In branches of the non-productive sphere, conditions are being created for working people to engage in physical culture and sports.

There are services connected with other branches of the unified national economic complex.

Every year the number of physical culture personnel with higher and special secondary education increases.

All this testifies not only to the growth of the physical culture movement, but also to the more complex and intensified ties of physical culture and sports with other sectors of the economy and their increasing differentiation as an independent industry.

The relationship and interdependence between physical culture and society are expressed by the laws of social development and are studied by a number of sciences, and in particular the sociology of physical culture and sports, which considers the impact on physical culture and sports of all forms of social relations: economic, political, etc. It is designed to explore the physical culture and sport as an integral social system with its inherent structure, functions, patterns of development.

Economic relations are a complex structure. They are studied by the system of economic sciences. Intersectoral scientific disciplines include, for example, economic planning, economic statistics, labor economics, economic cybernetics, and economic geography. Branch economic sciences and scientific disciplines include: the economics of industry, construction, healthcare, etc.

The economics of physical culture and sports is a specific, sectoral discipline. It has its own subject of study, solves its own specific problems. The subject of the economics of physical culture and sports is the study of economic relations that develop between members of society in the process of producing sports services.

Theoretical basis The economics of physical culture and sports, like other economic sciences, is the political economy of socialism. It studies the relations of production and elucidates the economic laws governing the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of vital goods in a socialist society.

Therefore, the economics of physical culture and sports is a link in the totality of economic sciences. The task of the economics of physical culture and sports as a science is to study a specific mechanism for the manifestation of economic laws in this area.

It is distinguished by the originality of the material and technical base, the peculiarities of economic relations, and, above all, by the relations of ownership of the means of labor, the means of physical culture and sports activities, features of work and its result.

The national economy of the country provided physical culture and sports not only with an increasing number of workers, but also with significant material resources (halls and other sports facilities), as well as financial resources.

The country has developed a multi-stage system of sports facilities. The number of indoor swimming pools, flat structures with artificial turf, ski jumps, sports complexes for the preparation of Olympic reserves and other expensive sports bases.

All this testifies not only to the growth of the physical culture movement, but also to the more complicated and intensified ties of physical culture and sports with other sectors of the national economy and their increasing differentiation as an independent industry.

The production of sports services is characterized by constantly developing links between physical culture and sports and non-production and industrial sectors.

The basis for the existence and development of physical culture and sports is material production, the production sphere. In the production sector, the material benefits of physical culture and sports activities are created (sports facilities, their equipment technical means, sports equipment, clothing and footwear, food, etc.).

In branches of the non-productive sphere, conditions are being created for working people to engage in physical culture and sports. From an economic point of view, it is legitimate to consider physical culture and sports as a type of socially useful activity for the provision of various services related to the non-productive sphere and therefore not directly involved in the creation of a material product.

The production and provision of services that meet the various needs of the population presuppose the provision of this activity with a number of conditions of a material, technical, organizational and personnel nature, namely: the development of a network of sports facilities and the organization of services for their visitors during training sessions, sports competitions and entertainment events; professional training of personnel; conducting research work; production and sale of sporting goods; repair and rental of sports equipment, etc.

In each branch of the national economy, economic relations are manifested that are generally characteristic of a particular country. The methodological basis for their analysis is the general economic theory - economics, the subject of which, as you know, is the problem of increasing the efficiency of the limited resources used to meet the unlimited needs of people.

This problem, common to the national economy of any country, is also characteristic of every industry. With regard to the industry "physical culture and sports", it finds manifestation, for example, in the following questions: how to increase the competitiveness of a sports organization; how to most effectively use the network of sports facilities and each of them separately; how to implement large quantity.

It is important to note that the main factor in the practical implementation of physical education is active motor activity, which ensures the formation rational ways performance of motor actions and other pedagogical tasks.

Given that psychology is the science of the laws of development and functioning of the psyche as a special form of life, we can conclude that the main purpose of the psychology of physical education is the optimization of the educational process carried out in typical forms of physical culture, using the laws and features of human mental development for formation of his personality as a social being.

Thus, the psychology of physical education is determined by the pedagogical orientation, and its content is a range of issues related to the consideration of the psychological characteristics of both the teacher of physical culture and students, as well as the organization of the pedagogical process. physical culture sport production

Sports psychology explores the patterns of mental activity of individuals and teams in the conditions of training and competition. Sports activity is very specific: it differs significantly from other types of activity, firstly, in goals, and secondly, in ways to achieve them.

What does the field of sports activity include? This is preparation for competitions (training) and participation in them, requiring from athletes special qualities, skills, knowledge and abilities and the utmost exertion of physical and spiritual strength.

Communication within sports teams or groups is also very specific, and managing them requires special knowledge and skills, so sports psychology takes into account the provisions of general psychological knowledge, but is based mainly on the results of its own research.

It highlights its own sections of psychology: training and education in sports; physical, technical and tactical training of athletes; psychological features the personality of an athlete, coach, head of a sports team (group), psychology of a sports team, psychodiagnostics and sports mental hygiene, etc.

Of great importance for sports practice are sections that study the characteristics of individual sports (the psychology of swimming, the psychology bullet shooting, football, chess, etc.). A special place in the psychology of sports is occupied by the solution of problems that exist in competitive activity for individual sports.

Sports psychology is designed to reveal the patterns of mental activity of athletes and coaches in specific specific conditions of training and competition, in order to use special psychological methods and means to make the process of training and participation of athletes in wrestling optimal and productive. Psychology is interconnected with all these groups of sciences and is in the center.

By analogy, one can determine the place of psychology in the system sports sciences: the philosophical foundations of sports are the general theoretical basis for the psychology of sports, the social foundations give it a social orientation, and the natural foundations reveal the “natural” organization of the subject of sports activity, creating the material basis for the psychology of sports.

In turn, all these foundations of the sports scientific base have feedback with the psychology of sports: the philosophical foundations draw on the relevant material (psychological data about the subject of sports activity) for philosophical generalization; social - use the data of psychological research in solving the social problems of sports; and natural, taking into account the psychological patterns and characteristics of human sports activities, highlight more significant aspects of the human body in the field of sports.

Conclusion

In order to overcome the existing negative trends, as well as to further stabilize the positive trends in the development of the “physical culture and sports” industry, a number of important decisions have been made in recent years by the executive power of the Russian Federation.

One of them was the development by the Government of the Russian Federation in 1996 of "Social standards and norms", which include those that characterize the prospects for the development of the "physical culture and sports" industry.

An analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators of physical culture and sports on a national scale indicates the presence in the development of the industry of a number of trends that have acquired a positive character in recent years. The main of these trends include:

progressive, in contrast to the previous period, development of a network of physical culture and sports facilities, an increase in the number of physical culture teams and sports clubs, as well as the number of people involved in physical culture and sports;

systematic growth in the number of sports personnel, as well as the number of sports and recreation centers of enterprises and organizations.

List of used literature

1. Galkin V.V. Economics of sports and sports business. - M., 2006

2. Gogunov E.N., Martyanov B.I. Psychology of physical education and sports. - M., 2002. - 288 p.

Zolotov M.I., Platonova N.A., Vapnyarskaya O.I. Economics of mass sports. - M., 2005.

4. Kedrov B.M. Classification of sciences. - M., 1985.

5. Kuzmak B.S., Osintsev A.A. Socio-economic problems of physical culture and sports. - M., 1981. - 280 p.

6. Lozovoy V. On the basics of classification of branches of the national economy. - Economic Sciences, 1973, No. 2, p. eleven.

Management and economics of physical culture and sports. - M., 2001. - 432 p.

Pravdin D. I. Development of the non-productive sphere under socialism (rates, proportions, prospects). M., Economics, 1976.

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The sectoral structure of the national economy is characterized by a list of industries, individual industries and activities that have emerged in the country's economy on the basis of the social division of labor. All enterprises and institutions of the national economy of our country, depending on the functions they perform, are grouped into branches.

Industry - this is a set of enterprises and organizations characterized by a commonality of products, production technology, fixed assets, professional skills of employees and satisfied needs.

The branch involves the unification of enterprises (organizations) operating in it and their branch isolation on the basis of a single governing body.

According to OKONH, all sectors of the economy are combined into two spheres - production (material production) and non-production (non-material production).

Manufacturing is a set of branches of material production that have a certain material product as the end result of their activities.

Non-manufacturing sphere - this is a complex of industries that do not produce, as a rule, directly tangible material values. In most cases, these are industries related to meeting the intangible needs of people through the provision of a variety of services: housing and communal services, consumer services, health care, public education, culture, art, science, and sports and recreation.

physical Culture and sport - one of the social activities. Physical culture and sports, as a branch of the national economy, is a system of enterprises, institutions and organizations that carry out activities aimed at ensuring the comprehensive physical improvement of a person.

What place do physical culture and sports occupy in the system of social production and in the sectoral structure of the national economy?

Physical culture and sports should be classified as non-material production. Using the fruits of material production (sports facilities, inventory, clothing), physical culture produces its specific products - sports services, expanding the fund of personal consumption of society.

Physical culture and sports have their own specific elements of production. This, Firstly, means of labor: sports facilities, their equipment, sports equipment (in the process of providing sports services, special material means are used: sports facilities, equipment, clothes, shoes and other property, that is, everything that makes up the material and technical base of physical culture and sports) ;

Secondly, the labor of physical culture workers (physical culture and sports are intended for personal consumption. At the same time, services arise in their pure form, which is associated with activities to serve personal consumption. These services are not provided by the consumers themselves ( athletes, athletes), and special persons, sports workers, for whom sports services are industrial, labor activities.

thirdly, the subject of labor of athletes and athletes (results).

Physical culture and sports is a branch of the national economy, the main economic function of which is the production of sports services.

• Training is conducted on the basis of higher or secondary vocational education.
• The training time is from 250 ac. h.
• The form of education is part-time with the use of distance learning technologies.
• A diploma of the established form is issued, giving the right to conduct professional activities in accordance with the completed professional retraining program.

Professional retraining from 250 ac. h.	Professional retraining from 500 ac. h.	Professional retraining from 1000 ac. h.
	Upon completion of training, control testing. Performing certification work. A standard diploma is issued.	Upon completion of training, control testing. Performing certification work. A standard diploma is issued.
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At present, several professional standards in the field of physical culture and sports have come into force, carrying out activities in the field of physical culture and sports. In this regard, the problem of the educational qualification of employees of physical culture and sports organizations is being updated. Currently, coaches and methodologists who do not have a basic physical education and sports education successfully work in such organizations. The professional standard provides for solving the problem through additional professional education in the direction of activity in the organization. That is, having mastered the program of professional retraining, a coach-teacher or an instructor-methodologist receives the right to conduct pedagogical activities in a modern sports organization.

DIRECTION OF TRAINING	PROGRAM NAME	PRICE
PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORT	Head of the physical culture and sports organization	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.
	Organizational and methodological support of the activities of the organization of additional education in physical education	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.
	The activities of the trainer-teacher in the context of the implementation of the requirements of the FSSP	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.
	Management in the field of physical culture and sports	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.
	sports marketing	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.
	Sports management	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.
	Head of an organization operating in the field of sports	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.
	Accompanying persons with disabilities, persons with disabilities and minors	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.
	Methodist instructor	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.
	Instructor-methodologist for adaptive physical culture	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.
	Trainer-teacher	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.
	Trainer	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.
	Coach-teacher in adaptive physical culture and sports	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.
	Fitness trainer	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.
	Physical culture in preschool educational institutions in the framework of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.
	Physical culture in educational institutions in the framework of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard	288 ac. h. 9900 r.	520 ac. h. 14900 r.	1040 ac. h. 24900 r.

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Infrastructure of physical culture and sports

Activity physical culture and sports infrastructure should provide the qualitative side of the educational and training processes and is aimed at providing a range of services that create the basis for the physical and cultural development of the population.

Sports and recreation, sports and sports and technical facilities- buildings, structures, equipped sites and premises, equipped with special technical equipment and intended for physical culture and recreation, sports services, sports and entertainment events, as well as for the organization of sports, recreation and sports leisure.

According to the purpose, the physical culture and sports infrastructure facilities are divided into sports and entertainment (demonstration), educational and training and sports and recreation facilities.

According to the conditions of classes, the physical culture and sports infrastructure facilities are divided into open and covered, according to their composition - into separate, i.e., intended for one or more sports (for example, universal halls for gymnastics and sports games), and complex, i.e., consisting of several structures specialized in various types sports and placed in the common area. Separate open structures include fields and grounds for sports games and athletics, ice rinks, swimming pools, rowing channels, ski and toboggan runs, springboards, cycle tracks, shooting ranges, etc., to complex outdoor facilities - stadiums with sports arenas and grounds for other sports, equestrian centers, etc. Indoor separate sports facilities include halls for practicing various sports, arenas for athletics and sports games, indoor skating rinks, courts, swimming pools, etc.

Federal Law No. 131-FZ of October 6, 2003 “On the General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” refers to issues of local importance of municipalities providing conditions for the development of mass physical culture and sports and organizing official sports and recreation and sports events in the respective territories. In order to resolve issues of local importance to the powers of local governments relate:

1) determination of the main tasks and directions for the development of physical culture and sports, taking into account local conditions and opportunities, the adoption and implementation of local programs for the development of physical culture and sports;

2) popularization of physical culture and sports among various groups of the population;

3) organization of municipal official physical culture events and sports events, as well as organization of physical culture and sports work at the place of residence of citizens;

4) approval and implementation calendar plans physical culture events and sports events of municipalities;

5) organization of medical support for official physical culture events and sports events of municipalities;

6) assistance in ensuring public order and public safety when holding official physical culture and sports events in the territories of municipalities;

7) approval of the procedure for the formation of sports teams of municipal districts and urban districts, their provision;

8) participation in the organization and holding of intermunicipal, regional, interregional, all-Russian and international sports competitions and educational and training events of sports teams of the Russian Federation and sports teams of the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation, held in the territories of municipalities;

9) rendering assistance to the subjects of physical culture and sports, carrying out their activities in the territories of municipalities;

10) exercise of other powers established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the charters of municipalities.

At the municipal level, the regulation of the development of physical culture and sports is carried out by the relevant structural unit (department, department, committee, etc.) of the administration, which, together with others (in the field of education, healthcare, etc.), regulates the activities of the following institutions and organizations:

¾ sports clubs, physical culture groups operating on an amateur and professional basis in educational institutions; other organizations, regardless of the form of ownership and at the place of residence of citizens;

¾ children's and youth sports schools, children's and youth physical training clubs, children's and youth sports and technical schools, specialized children's and youth schools Olympic reserve;

¾ educational institutions and scientific organizations in the field of physical culture and sports of all types and types, regardless of organizational and legal forms;

¾ municipal health and fitness, sports and sports and technical facilities.

On the territory of the municipality may be created and operate physical culture and sports associations. These include: physical culture and sports societies of trade unions, federations (clubs, unions and associations) in various sports. Physical culture and sports organization- one of the organizational and legal forms of a physical culture and sports association, created on the basis of membership in order to joint activities on carrying out physical culture, health and sports work and achieving their statutory goals. Physical culture and sports organizations participate in the organization of work on the development of physical culture and sports among various groups of the population, create conditions for the protection and promotion of the health of athletes and other persons participating in sports competitions and training events, provide athletes and coaches with the necessary conditions for training, and also otherwise assist these persons in achieving high sports results.

Local governments together with physical culture and sports Associations of disabled people participate in organizing health-improving work with disabled people, holding physical culture and health-improving and sports events with them, training disabled athletes and ensuring their referral to all-Russian and international competitions.

Organization of physical culture and sports in the system of continuous rehabilitation of disabled people, including children with disabilities in physical development, their methodological, medical support And medical supervision are carried out by educational institutions, health care institutions, social protection institutions and organizations of physical culture and sports in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

As part of the youth policy, local governments participate in the organization of physical culture and recreation work with young people, contribute to their involvement in systematic physical education and sports in order to form a healthy lifestyle, carry out activities to prevent offenses committed by young people, together with physical culture and sports organizations carry out mass sports competitions and sports days; create, with the participation of youth, children's and other organizations, sports and recreation and sports clubs, including defense-sports clubs.