Boxing competition rules weight categories. Boxing rules. How many rounds are there in boxing? Boxing referee. Use basic commands to guide combat
Since ancient times, people have loved the spectacular fights of fisticuffs. Today, fights to the death have already sunk into oblivion, but combat itself has been transformed into a sport called boxing. This direction of competition is appreciated all over the world, and millions of people are engaged in it. In this regard, it would be appropriate to consider in the article the rules of boxing, its features and subtleties.
Historical reference
Amateur boxing originated in Foggy Albion. Therefore, it is quite logical that the first association of amateur boxers was formed in England. It happened in 1881. Seven years later, a similar structure was formed in North America, where the first rules of boxing were also specified. The third country in which martial arts gained popularity and received its association was France.
To date, the amateur boxing associations of each country are subordinate to the main structure in this sport - AIBA.
Basic moments
Boxing rules state that an athlete has main task in the square of the ring, which consists in striking an opponent and thereby scoring points. The ideal option is to bring the opponent to the point where he is unable to continue the fight. Soldiers must be in special gloves and also have boxing bandages on hand.
Winning system
The boxing match itself starts with a strike on the gong. Opponents strive to score points by literally beating each other with their fists, more precisely, with the closed part of the hand joints. In this case, blows are applied exclusively to permitted areas - the body above the waist, the side and frontal parts of the head. It is worth pointing out that even very clear hits on the opponent's hands do not bring any points to the attacking fighter, in fact, just as poorly delivered blows are not evaluated by the judges. Important nuance: the computerized scoring system used in the competition will not assign a single point to the combatant until at least three judges agree with this fact. Each judge, by the way, has two buttons, one for each boxer.
If the athletes entered into an exchange of blows, and none of them has the physical ability to deliver a hard, accentuated blow, then in this case the judges wait until the end of this episode and assign a point to the one who showed himself better. Amateur boxing rules provide that at the end of the fight, victory is awarded to the fighter who was able to score large quantity points. When this indicator is the same for both athletes, the judges determine the best one according to the principle of more confident combat and superior technique. Well, if these above factors are identical, then the judges give preference to the one who defended better during the fight.
More about judging
A referee in boxing is a person authorized to monitor the strict observance of the existing norms and rules of combat and count points.
Absolutely any competition is serviced by a whole team of judges. The main responsibility lies with the chief referee, who not only closely monitors compliance with existing rules, but also has the right to make the final decision on any controversial or technical issue that may arise during the tournament or battle.
The actions of the athletes in the ring are directly monitored by five side judges, who determine the winner. Boxing rules allow the presence of three side referees, however, in this case, the competition must be at a level not higher than the regional championship.
Judge-timekeeper - a person who monitors the time of the fight and gives the appropriate signals for the start and end of the fight. The judge-informer is engaged in notifying spectators and athletes with all the necessary information both during the competition and during breaks. Directly in the ring, the referee closely monitors the implementation of the rules by the boxers and, if necessary, gives them commands and comments, warnings. The duties of the tournament commandant include providing the participants with the required technical and economic equipment.
Amateur competitions have the right to serve judges, referees of any gender. Men and women are absolutely equal in this matter. However, those judges who control the fights of professionals are not allowed to work in the amateur ring.
Separation by weight
Weight categories in amateur boxing include 11 divisions. Their names are absolutely conditional, since the official sports documentation indicates only the designation in kilograms. Listed in general view is:
- Minimum weight (a fighter must weigh up to 48 kilograms).
- The lightest category (up to 51 kilograms).
- The lightest weight (up to 54 kilograms).
- Featherweight division (up to 57 kg).
- Light weight (up to 60 kg).
- Welterweight category (up to 64 kg).
- First middle weight (up to 69 kg).
- Second middle weight (up to 75 kg).
- Light heavyweight (up to 81 kg).
- The first heavy weight (up to 91 kg).
- Heavyweight category (over 91 kg).
Separation by age
The rules for holding boxing competitions, in accordance with the amendments made to them from 01.01.2017, determine the names of the groups of athletes and their age:
- Boys and girls average age- 12-13 years old.
- Boys and girls, senior age - 14-15 years.
- Juniors and juniors - 16-17 years old.
- Juniors - 18-22 years old.
- Women and men - 18-40 years old.
It should be noted that earlier the maximum age of amateur boxers eligible to compete in international tournaments was 34 years old, and now it is 40 years old.
The battle
How many rounds are there in boxing? It depends on the age of the fighters. Athletes aged 12-13 spend three rounds lasting under a minute and a half each, juniors - three rounds of 2 minutes, adults - three rounds of 3 minutes. At the same time, a break of one minute is required between rounds. This applies to experienced athletes.
Boxing rules for beginners state that at the age of 12-13, beginners play three rounds of one minute, young beginners also 3 rounds of 1 minute, and adults three rounds of two minutes.
Regardless of age, a fighter who has been boxing for less than three months is not allowed to participate in any tournaments.
The essence of the battle
Knockout and knockdown is what any boxer strives for. In the course of the fight, the athlete is considered to be knocked down if, after a hit from the opponent, he touches the floor with any part of his body, except for the feet. It is also considered a knockdown to hang helplessly on the ropes or behind them after a blow, or the athlete is on his feet, but clearly has difficulty continuing the fight. When a boxer is knocked down, the referee counts him up to 10. If after that the fighter is unable to continue the fight, then his opponent will be credited with a knockout victory.
When the boxer is able to immediately stand up after the blow received, then in any case, the referee will count to 8. And after that the fight will continue. A gong can save a fighter from a knockdown only in the last round of the fight. In the remaining rounds, the countdown will be made after the gong.
On the rare occasion that both fighters are knocked down at the same time, the count will continue until one of them is knocked down. If both cannot recover after 10 seconds, then the victory is awarded to the one who scored the most points at the time of the stop.
Violations and liability
Regardless of how many rounds there are in boxing, the referee has the right to issue a warning to the boxer or disqualify him. If the violation is minor, then the judge may well not even stop the fight, but issue a reprimand during the break between rounds. Three voiced remarks for the same type of violation are automatically transformed into a warning. In turn, three warnings - a clear disqualification. During each warning, the referee is obliged to stop the fight, notify the fighter and notify the side judges. One intentional violation is enough for disqualification.
The main violations in boxing are:
- Strikes below the belt, knee, leg, elbow, shoulder, forearm, open glove, edge of the palm, back, nape, kidneys, neck.
- The use of choking techniques, pushes, holding an opponent, ropes.
- Pushing the opponent out of the ropes, throws, girths, low body slopes.
- Performing attacks on a prone or rising opponent.
- Passive defensive manner, turning away, talking, insulting.
- Ignoring referee commands.
- Deliberately spitting out the mouthguard.
As for the possible results of the duel, the options are as follows:
- Points victory.
- The opponent refuses to continue the fight or his second does it for him.
- Winning by reason of clear advantage. In the case of a gap in points of 20 units, this option is possible. Knockdowns also play a role: it all depends on the qualifications of the athletes, but a maximum of 3, and the fighter is recognized as a loser.
- Stopping the fight due to the inability to continue it. This may be due to injury.
- Victory due to disqualification of the opponent.
- Victory by knockout.
- Victory due to non-appearance of the opponent.
- Victory based on the decision of the Main Jury.
- Draw. It is not always possible, but only in cases where it is stipulated by the competition regulations.
It is worth noting that before each fight, the doctor is obliged to examine the boxer and make a conclusion about his suitability for the fight. During the fight, three doctors are located near the gong, and each of them can stop the fight if there are appropriate medical prerequisites.
At the moment, there are unified rules for amateur boxing in the world approved by the International Amateur Boxing Association (AIBA) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC).Age restrictions. There are the following age groups:
junior boys - 12 years;
middle boys - 13-14 years old;
older boys and girls - 15-16 years old;
juniors and girls - 17-18 years old;
adults and women - 19-34 years;
Depending on age, there are restrictions on the number of fights in a certain time.
Boys under 15: 2 fights 30 days
Boys and girls 15-16 years old: 3 fights 15 days, 5 fights 30 days
Juniors and adults (men and women): 4 fights 15 days, 5 fights 30 days.
Beginners are allowed to compete only after 3 months of boxing.
According to AIBA rules in international competitions Athletes not younger than 17 and not older than 34 years old can participate.
Competitions. All tournaments are held according to the Olympic system - knockout. For various groups of athletes, the following battle formula is established:
- Boys 12-14 years old
- beginners and 3 category: 3 rounds of 1 minute
- 1st and 2nd category: 3 rounds of 1.5 minutes - Boys 15-16 years old, girls and women
- beginners: 3 rounds of 1 minute
- 3rd and 2nd category: 3 rounds of 1.5 minutes
- Rank 1 and above: 3 rounds of 2 minutes - Juniors and adults
- beginners: 3 rounds of 1.5 minutes
- 3rd and 2nd category: 3 rounds of 2 minutes
- Rank 1 and above: 4 rounds of 2 minutes
Competitions are individual, team and personal-team.
In individual competitions, the boxer who wins in the final wins. Starting from 4th place and below, places are distributed according to the number of victories.
IN team competition the team with the most points wins. For the victory in the weight category, 2 points are given. 1 point for a loss. In case of non-appearance or absence of the boxer, 0 points are given.
In individual-team competitions, victory also depends on the number of points scored. Victory - 7 points, second place - 5 points, third place - 3.5 points, for each victory up to the semi-finals 1 point. In case of equality of points, the team that takes more than the first wins, etc. places.
Boys are allowed to fight with boys of the same year of birth. Juniors 18 years old are allowed to participate in senior competitions. It is allowed to hold adjacent fights sports categories. Boxers of the 1st category are allowed to box with masters of sports, including those of international class. In all cases, it is not allowed to conduct more than 1 fight per day.
Boxers who have taken part in professional competitions are not allowed to participate in amateur competitions.
Refereeing. Any competitions and fights are served referee team in the following composition: Main judge Competition monitors the implementation of all competition rules and makes the final decision on all technical issues. The side judges evaluate the actions of the boxers and decide on the outcome of the fight. Official competitions are served by 5 side referees. 3 judges are allowed, but the competition must be no higher than the regional scale. The referee-timekeeper keeps track of the time of the fight and gives the gong signals. The judge-informer reports information during the competition in between rounds. The referee monitors the implementation of the rules of the competition by the boxers directly in the ring and gives them commands. Judges in front of the participants monitor the implementation of all the rules until the boxers enter the ring. The commandant of the competition monitors the technical and economic equipment of the competition. The Technical Delegate is the representative of the Russian Boxing Federation at the competitions, where, based on their results, the participant can be awarded the title of "Master of Sports of Russia".
Competitions can be served by judges and referees, both female and male. Judges serving professional competitions are not allowed to serve amateur competitions.
To serve the fight, the referee uses three commands: "stop", "box", "break". Remarks and warnings are accompanied by referee gestures understandable to boxers and judges.
You can learn more about the duties of referees and other nuances in the rules of amateur boxing here.
Violations. Depending on the type of violation, the boxer may be reprimanded, warned or disqualified by the referee. In case of a minor violation, the referee may not stop the fight, but make a remark to the boxer or second during the break. Three remarks for the same violation entail a warning. If a caution is given for a violation for which the boxer has already received a warning, it will result in a second warning. Three warnings - disqualification. At each warning, the referee must stop the fight and notify the boxer and each of the side judges about it. A warning may follow immediately after a gross violation. And after a particularly gross or intentional violation, disqualification may immediately follow. Each warning entails the award of additional points to the opponent.
Types of violations: Hits below the belt, knees, kicks.
Shoulder, forearm, elbow strikes.
Strikes with an open glove, wrist, edge of the palm, backhand.
Blows on the back, on the back of the head, on the kidneys, on the back of the neck.
Choking, wrestling, pushing, holding the opponent.
Using ropes when attacking.
Squeezing the opponent's head out of the line of ropes.
Girths, throws, heaping on an opponent.
Low bends or dives, dangerous head movements.
Binding the opponent's hands with strikes.
Strikes on a lying or rising opponent.
Passive defense, turning your back to the opponent.
Unnecessary talk and insults.
Failure to comply with the referee's orders.
Aggressive behavior towards the referee.
Spitting out the cap.
holding outstretched hand in front of an opponent.
Match results. Match results are as follows:
Win on points (VO). It is determined by the side judges by the number of points scored by the boxers.
Refusal to continue the fight (OTC). The boxer voluntarily withdraws from the fight. His second can also refuse, throwing a towel into the ring.
Victory due to a clear advantage (JP). Awarded when an opponent concedes a large number of blows that threaten his health or the referee counted him maximum amount knockdowns set by the rules. Depending on age and qualifications, it can be from 1 to 3. The referee determines. It can also be awarded if the difference between missed or delivered strikes by one of the opponents (in electronic refereeing) is 20 points at the beginning of the last round. Boys and women have 15 points.
Inability to continue combat (IPB). If, as a result of the fight, which does not go beyond the rules, the boxer cannot continue the fight due to an injury, the victory is awarded to the boxer who scored the most points at the time the fight was stopped (if the fight lasted more than one round). It is determined by a doctor, or a referee after consulting a doctor.
Win by disqualification (DSC). If during the fight one of the boxers was disqualified, then the victory is awarded to his opponent. The referee is determined.
Knockout (NK). One of the boxers as a result of a missed blow cannot continue the fight for 10 seconds. The referee is determined.
Victory due to non-appearance of the opponent (NA). The boxer is in the ring completely ready for the fight, and his opponent, after the second invitation to the ring and the gong, is absent for 3 minutes or is not ready to start the fight. This victory is also awarded when one of the boxers did not pass the weigh-in or was removed by the doctor before the fight.
Draw. It is possible only if it is agreed in advance in the "Regulations on competitions".
Victory by decision of the Main Jury. It is determined in case of disputable situations (incompetence of the referee, failure of the electronic scoring system, etc.).
Unexpected situations. If an incident beyond the control of the Chief Judge occurs in the 1st or 2nd round, then the fight is postponed for the time specified in the Competition Regulations. If it happened after the 2nd round, then the fight is considered completed, and the winner is determined by the number of points at the time of the incident.
Professional boxing rules
In the rules of amateur and professional boxing there are many differences and similarities.Rating. In professional boxing, there are no competitions as such. Although now the trend towards holding European and World Championships is beginning to appear. Perhaps these tournaments will become permanent. There is a rating system here. All victories, defeats and draws of a boxer are entered into the consolidated rating list. The types of victories are also taken into account - by knockout or by points. The achievements of an athlete in the amateur ring, before joining the "professionals", do not count. Each of the main organizations (WBA, WBO, IBF, WBC) has its own slightly different rules and rating lists. The boxer who occupies the first place in the ranking of the organization is a contender for the world title. The world champion himself does not participate in rating battles, but he is allowed to hold "friendly" matches that do not go into the rating standings. He can meet world champions in other versions. If a boxer is world champion in all major versions, he is considered absolute champion of the world (Kostya Dzyu). If the world champion is defeated while defending the championship belt, then a rematch may be scheduled. Recently, the head of the WBC, Jose Suleiman, announced the intention of the World Boxing Council to hold the 1st World Cup according to the rules of professional boxing.
There is only one age limit in professional boxing - a boxer must be at least 18 years old. It doesn't matter what experience a boxer has in amateur boxing, but he must hold his first fight in his "professional" career according to the fight formula: 4 rounds of 3 minutes. Rating fights usually last 6 or 8 rounds. The fight for the title of world champion is fought in 12 rounds of 3 minutes. The boxing teams agree on the formula of the fight, the time and date of the fight and other restrictions in advance, usually several months in advance. The opponent of the boxer is also determined in advance. This makes it possible to study the skill of opponents and prepare tactically. In Russia, in order for a boxer to compete for the title of champion of Russia, he needs to fight 2 fights of 6 rounds and 2 fights of 8 rounds.
Refereeing. Direct refereeing is carried out by the referee and three side judges. The referee-timekeeper, referee-informant, doctor, supervisor also participate in the match. On rating battles referee and side judges are invited by the promoter. For championship fights, referees and judges are appointed by the organization, according to which the fight takes place.
The referee is the "owner" of the ring. Everything that happens in the ring is carried out under the control of the referee.
The side referee keeps a record of the points awarded to each boxer, and after each round passes the results reflected in the score sheet to the referee.
The timekeeper judge keeps track of the number of rounds and breaks and the time of their duration.
The referee-informer prepares and informs all those present about the boxers, the refereeing team, etc.
The Supervisor performs the same functions as the Chief Judge in amateur competitions, and also monitors the distribution of funds ( prize funds, shipping costs, etc.).
Seconds - each boxer cannot have more than 4 seconds. One of them is the main one and can be in breaks inside the ring. No more than two seconds can climb the platform of the ring.
Scoring. Conducted by side judges. The winner of the round gets 10 points, the loser gets at least 6 points. An electronic scoring system is not permitted. IN championship fights, in order to exclude a draw, in case of an equal number of points earned by the boxers, the victory is given to the boxer who won the most rounds. When scoring, the strength of the blow is also taken into account (unlike amateurs). 3 light hits equals 1 hard hit. There are also heavy punches and knockout punches. Usually, preference in the round is given to the boxer who knocked down the opponent.
Violations. They are limited by almost the same limits as in amateur boxing.
Match results. The result of the fight can be the same as in amateur boxing. It should be noted that a draw is an acceptable and rather frequent result (except for championship fights).
The victory by points (PO) is awarded to the boxer who scored the most points during the fight.
Technical victory on points (TPO). One of the boxers was injured and cannot continue the fight as a result of an unintentional violation of the rules, the victory is given to the boxer who scored the most points at the time the fight was stopped (starting from the 3rd round).
Knockout (NK). The Boxer is unable to continue the fight after the bout is stopped and the Referee has counted the 10-second pause, or is outside the ring and is unable to get into the ring and continue the fight after the Referee has counted the 20-second pause.
TKO(TNK). As a result of the actions of one of the boxers, committed within the rules, the other cannot continue, according to the referee, the fight (injury, strong knockdown, difference in skill, etc.).
Draw (LF). Awarded if two side referees have ruled otherwise and the third referee has recorded a draw, or all three judges (or two out of three) have recorded a draw.
Technical draw (TNCH). It is fixed if a boxer inflicted an injury on an opponent as a result of an unintentional violation of the rules in the 1st or 2nd round, or at the time the fight was stopped, none of the athletes has an advantage on points.
Disqualification (DSK). A boxer is disqualified by the referee in case of intentional gross or serious violation of the rules. Refusal to continue the fight (OTC). One of the boxers himself, or his main second, may refuse to continue the fight for various reasons, or the boxer, after the gong, does not leave the corner to continue the fight. The victory is given to the opponent.
No decision (BR). The referee is accepted due to the absolute impossibility to continue the fight in the first two rounds for reasons beyond the control of the boxers and the refereeing team. In this case, the boxers keep their rating unchanged.
07.04.2015
Olympic boxing (amateur)
Individual boxing training in Kharkov
1. M. "Soviet".
2. Alekseevka district.
093-930-33-55
This article will focus on amateur boxing. Amateur boxing took its roots in England, it is logical that the historically first amateur boxing association was founded here, it happened in 1881, later in North America also founded an association and even began to hold competitions since 1888, following the example of the above, France followed and also created its own boxing association.
Amateur boxing is less brutal than professional boxing, but this makes it in no way inferior to professional boxing in terms of intensity of passions. The scoring system has approximately the following formula: Boxers at the beginning of the fight have zero points, but by striking they gain them, in order for the point to be defended, the boxer needs three out of 5 judges to record this on special electronic mechanisms.
The most authoritative championships in this sport are: the Olympic Games, in which amateur boxing has been represented since 1904, the World and European Championships, regularly held every 4 years since 1974 and 1925, respectively.
In 1946, a historic event took place for the world of boxing, when a new association (AIBA) was created to replace the previously existing FIBA. Since 1969, the first continental boxing association, the European EABA, has been formed, it should be noted that now each continent is represented by its own boxing association.
All associations are under the main association, which unites the associations of 122 countries of the world, nourishing them with significant sponsorship. The Association is divided into a lot of committees from judicial and methodological to medical and anti-doping. Locally elected representatives of the countries that are members of the association become members of AIBA, then they choose the composition of the leadership, which in turn elect the president. The first president was the representative of France, E. Gremo, his successor was the Briton Russell. Once our representative was also the President. In 1974 Nikiforov-Denisov became the president of AIBA.
In general, the importance of the association is simply undeniable, because it is it that performs the most important functions related to the development of this sport, in particular, appoints venues for championships, works with judges, and considers proposals from countries that are members of the association. Perhaps it is precisely due to the well-coordinated work of AIBA that the number of amateur boxers has been increasing over the years, we can verify this on a small statistical observation: since the 7 Olympic Games in Antwerp until the 20th Olympic Games in Munich, the number of participants increased from 114 boxers from 11 countries to 356 boxers from 51 countries.
Weight categories in Olympic boxing
There is a system in amateur boxing, according to which boxers are divided into 11 weight categories (category names are conditional, only their designation in kilograms is used in official documents):
- heavyweight (over 91 kg);
- the first heavy weight (91 kg);
- light heavyweight (81 kg);
- second middle weight (75 kg);
- first middle weight (69 kg);
- welterweight (64 kg);
- a light weight(60 kg);
- featherweight (57 kg);
- bantamweight (54 kg);
- flyweight (51 kg);
- minimum weight (48 kg).
Types of punches in boxing
In boxing, the following main types of punches are distinguished:
- direct blows (jab, cross);
- side impacts (hook, swing);
- strikes from below (uppercut).
Professional boxing
Professional boxing has stricter rules than amateur boxing. The Rules define the procedure and conditions for the fights of professional boxers and are binding on boxers, judges, managers, promoters licensed by the Professional Boxing Federation, as well as other persons participating in the organization and conduct of fights. Control over the conduct of fights in accordance with the rules is carried out by a supervisor, an invited promoter from among the persons approved by the Bureau.
The fight lasts 7-15 rounds, depending on the class of boxers and the scale of the competition (at the championship of the world or the continent - 15 rounds). The allowed mass of gloves is not 8 ounces, as for amateurs, but 6 ounces. A boxer can be knocked down many times, and the fight continues if the boxer got up before the count of "ten". Violations of the rules from the point of view of amateur boxing are also allowed (for example, blows to the sideline of the body or with an open glove, etc.).
Scoring in professional boxing is carried out according to the countdown scheme with subsequent addition.
Boxers entering the ring have 10 points each. The winner of the round retains 10 points, the loser receives 9 points, thus making the score for one round 10-9. If one of the boxers was knocked down, then two points are deducted from him, and the round ends (with one knockdown) with a score of 10-8. If the boxer was knocked down twice, then the score becomes 10-7, if three, then 10-6. If there was a draw in the round (some boxing organizations consider a draw to be incompetent refereeing, but it still happens), then the side referee will score 10-10. In rare cases, it happens that a boxer who has been knocked down wins the round. In this case, the score should be 10-9 in favor of the one who sent the opponent down, since according to the rules, the number 10 must always be present.
In 1982, WBA lightweight champion Ray Mancini knocked out South Korean Duke Koo Kim in the 14th round. In the battle, Kim was fatally injured. The Korean died 4 days later. After this result, boxing organizations reduced the number of rounds in fights from 15 to 12.
Weight categories in professional boxing
The World Boxing Council (WBC) has introduced the following boxer weight classifications:
- cruiserweight ("cruising weight", the first heavy weight) - 190 pounds (86.2 kg, subsequently the lower limit of this weight category was raised to 200 pounds or 90.7 kg, sometimes fights were also held in the supercruiserweight category - up to 195 pounds or 88 .5 kg.);
- supermiddleweight ("super middle" or second average weight) - 168 pounds (76.2 kg.);
- superwelterweight (aka lightmiddleweight - second welterweight or first middleweight) - 154 pounds (69.9 kg.);
- superbantamweight (aka juniorfeatherweight - second lightest or first featherweight) - 122 pounds (55.3 kg.);
- superflyweight (aka junior bantamweight - second lightest or first lightest weight) - 116 pounds (52.6 kg.);
- lightflyweight (aka juniorflyweight - the first flyweight) - 108 pounds (49.9 kg.);
- strawweight (aka minimumweight - minimum weight) - 105 pounds.
Professional fights of boxers are held in the ring, which has the shape of a square with sides of at least 5 m and a maximum of 6 m, and installed on a platform, the dimensions of which are not less than 8 x 8 m, the height from the base is 90-120 cm. The floor must be strong, even, have flooring from boards without excessive elasticity, well fixed and extending beyond the ropes by at least 60 cm on each side, the floor of the ring is covered with felt or other elastic material that meets safety requirements, with a thickness of at least 2.5 cm and not more than 4 cm, on which a tarpaulin or other suitable material is stretched and secured. Felt and covering should extend 50 cm outside the ring.
The area of the ring is limited to four rows of ropes with a diameter of 3 - 5 cm, wrapped in a soft, smooth material. The ropes are tightly stretched between four corner posts and connected by two jumpers of dense fabric 3-4 cm wide at a distance of 1/3 along each side of the ring. The ropes are stretched at a height of 120 cm, 90 cm, 60 cm, 30 cm from the floor of the ring. The distance from the corner posts to the ropes of the ring must be at least 50 cm, all metal extensions for attaching the ropes to the posts are covered with soft sheathing. Pillows 20 cm wide and 5-7 cm thick are reinforced in the corners of the ring to prevent possible injury. Cushions and ropes in two opposite corners of the ring must be red and blue. The red corner of the ring is located to the left of the table of the main judging panel. In the red and blue corners of the ring, ladders for boxers and seconds must be installed, and in the neutral corner, a ladder for the referee and the chief doctor of the match. In the corners of the ring occupied by boxers, one stool or seat mounted in racks, a container with water, if there is no water supply directly to the kring, mugs, urns or basins are placed.
The ring equipment also includes chairs for seconds (three on each side of the ring) and two stretchers with opposite sides ring. On three sides of the ring, tables for side judges are installed, on the fourth side - a table for the main panel of judges. The degree of illumination of the ring must be at least 1000 lux. The ring must be lit from above, side lighting with spotlights or other counting sources is not allowed during the fight. In the immediate vicinity of the match supervisor, places for the timekeeper and informant referee must be equipped. The ring equipment includes: a gong, a whistle, stopwatches, microphones, local and city telephones.
Gloves used in competitions must conform to the established samples and weigh:
- 8 ounces for weight classes up to and including 66.678 kg (147 lbs);
- 10 ounces for weight classes over 66.678 kg to 86.183 kg (190 lbs).
Before the fight, the boxer bandages his hands. Bandages made of gauze or crepe are used no more than 5 m in length and 5 cm in width. From above, the gauze bandage is fixed with an adhesive plaster, which should not be located closer than 2.5 cm from the knuckles. Adhesive plaster should not exceed 2.5 m in length and 5 cm in width. Wetting bandages with any type of liquid is prohibited. The lacing of the gloves is also fixed with adhesive tape.
Boxers must be at least 18 years of age to compete. The Boxer is obliged: to know and strictly follow these Rules and conditions of contact for the fight. Before the start of the weigh-in, hand over to the supervisor personally or through the chief second the boxing license and insurance policy. Arrive at your dressing room no later than one hour before the start of the fight. Pass a drug test at the request of the supervisor at the end of the fight.
At the moment, there are uniform rules for amateur boxing in the world approved by the International Amateur Boxing Association (AIBA) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
Age restrictions
There are the following age groups:
- schoolchildren - 12-13 years old
- cadets (girls 14-16 years old) - 14-15 years old
- youth (girls 17-18 years old) - 16-17 years old
- adults (women from 19 years old) - 18-34 years old
Competitions
All tournaments are held according to the Olympic system - knockout. For various groups of athletes, the following battle formula is established:
- Schoolchildren 3 rounds of 1-1.5 minutes
- Cadets: 3 rounds of 1.5-2 minutes
- Youth and adults: 3 rounds of 3 minutes
Boxing competitions are personal, team and personal-team.
In individual competitions, the boxer who wins in the final wins. Starting from 4th place and below, places are distributed according to the number of victories.
In team competition, the team with the most points wins. For the victory in the weight category, 2 points are given. 1 point for a loss. In case of non-appearance or absence of the boxer, 0 points are given.
In individual-team competitions, victory also depends on the number of points scored. Victory - 7 points, second place - 5 points, third place - 3.5 points, for each victory up to the semi-finals 1 point. In case of equality of points, the team that takes more than the first wins, etc. places.
Boxers who have taken part in professional competitions are not allowed to participate in amateur competitions.
Refereeing
Any competitions and fights are served by a refereeing team in the following composition:
- The chief referee of the competition monitors the implementation of all competition rules and makes the final decision on all technical issues.
- The side judges evaluate the actions of the boxers and decide on the outcome of the fight. Official competitions are served by 5 side referees. 3 judges are allowed, but the competition should not be higher than the regional scale.
- The referee-timekeeper keeps track of the time of the fight and gives the gong signals.
- The judge-informer reports information during the competition in between rounds.
- The referee monitors the implementation of the rules of the competition by the boxers directly in the ring and gives them commands.
- Judges in front of the participants monitor the implementation of all the rules until the boxers enter the ring.
- The commandant of the competition monitors the technical and economic equipment of the competition.
- The technical delegate is the representative of the country's Boxing Federation at the competitions, where, based on their results, the participant can be awarded the title of Master of Sports.
To serve the fight, the referee uses three commands: "stop", "box", "break". Remarks and warnings are accompanied by referee gestures understandable to boxers and judges.
Violations
Depending on the type of violation, the boxer may be reprimanded, warned or disqualified by the referee. In case of a minor violation, the referee may not stop the fight, but make a remark to the boxer or second during the break. Three remarks for the same violation will result in a warning. If a caution is given for a violation for which the boxer has already received a warning, it will result in a second warning. Three warnings - disqualification. At each warning, the referee must stop the fight and notify the boxer and each of the side judges about it. A warning may follow immediately after a gross violation. And after a particularly gross or intentional violation, disqualification may immediately follow. Each warning entails the award of additional points to the opponent.
Types of violations:
- Hits below the belt, knee strikes, kicks.
- Shoulder, forearm, elbow strikes.
- Strikes with an open glove, wrist, edge of the palm, backhand.
- Blows on the back, on the back of the head, on the kidneys, on the back of the neck.
- Choking, wrestling, pushing, holding the opponent.
- Using ropes when attacking.
- Squeezing the opponent's head out of the line of ropes.
- Girths, throws, heaping on an opponent.
- Low bends or dives, dangerous head movements.
- Binding the opponent's hands with strikes.
- Strikes on a lying or rising opponent.
- Passive defense, turning your back to the opponent.
- Unnecessary talk and insults.
- Failure to comply with the referee's orders.
- Aggressive behavior towards the referee.
- Spitting out the cap.
- Holding an outstretched arm in front of an opponent.
Match results
- Win on points (VO). It is determined by the side judges by the number of points scored by the boxers.
- Refusal to continue the fight (OTC). The boxer voluntarily withdraws from the fight. His second can also refuse, throwing a towel into the ring.
- Victory due to a clear advantage (JP). It is awarded when the opponent misses a large number of blows that threaten his health or the referee counted him the maximum number of knockdowns established by the rules. Depending on age and qualifications, it can be from 1 to 3. The referee determines. It can also be awarded if the difference between missed or delivered strikes by one of the opponents (in electronic refereeing) is 20 points at the beginning of the last round. Boys and women have 15 points.
- Inability to continue combat (IPB). If, as a result of the fight, which does not go beyond the rules, the boxer cannot continue the fight due to an injury, the victory is awarded to the boxer who scored the most points at the time the fight was stopped (if the fight lasted more than one round). It is determined by a doctor, or a referee after consulting a doctor.
- Win by disqualification (DSC). If during the fight one of the boxers was disqualified, then the victory is awarded to his opponent. The referee is determined.
- Knockout (NK). One of the boxers as a result of a missed blow cannot continue the fight for 10 seconds. The referee is determined.
- Victory due to non-appearance of the opponent (NA). The boxer is in the ring completely ready for the fight, and his opponent, after the second invitation to the ring and the gong, is absent for 3 minutes or is not ready to start the fight. This victory is also awarded when one of the boxers did not pass the weigh-in or was removed by the doctor before the fight.
- Draw. It is possible only if it is agreed in advance in the "Regulations on competitions". This usually happens at match meetings.
- Victory by decision of the Main Jury. It is determined in case of disputable situations (incompetence of the referee, failure of the electronic scoring system, etc.).
- Unexpected situations. If an incident beyond the control of the Chief Judge occurs in the 1st or 2nd round, then the fight is postponed for the time specified in the Competition Regulations. If it happened after the 2nd round, then the fight is considered completed, and the winner is determined by the number of points at the time of the incident.
Classification
BEGINNERS. An athlete who has been boxing for less than 3 months is not allowed to any competition.
3 DISCHARGE. It is necessary to win 5 fights during the year against beginners in competitions of any scale.
2 DISCHARGE. Win 10 fights against boxers of the 3rd category during the year at competitions of any level.
1 DISCHARGE. Win the championship of the republic, territory, region, subject to 3 fights and participation in the weight category of at least 4 athletes of the 1st category.
It is also possible to win 15 fights against athletes of the 2nd category during the year at competitions not lower than city ones.
CANDIDATE FOR MASTER OF SPORTS (CCM)
Win the championship of the republic, territory, region with the participation of at least 8 boxers in the weight category, of which 2 are candidates for the master of sports.
Win the zonal championship of the country, subject to at least 3 fights and the presence of 2 candidates for the master of sports in the category.
To take 1st place in the championship of any DSO among juniors in 3 fights and in the presence of 2 CCM in the category.
Win a class "B" tournament with the participation of 8 boxers and the presence of 2 CCM (juniors and adults).
Take 1st place in the national championship among senior youths, subject to 3 fights.
MASTER OF SPORTS (MS)
Take 1st or 2nd place in the Country Cup in at least 3 fights.
Take 1st or 2nd place in the zonal competitions of the national championship.
Take 1st or 2nd place in the national championship among juniors in 4 fights and at least 8 CCM in the weight category.
Win a Class A Master Tournament
MASTER OF SPORTS INTERNATIONAL CLASS (MSIC)
Take 1st to 5th place in the Olympic Games.
Take a prize-winning place (1-3) at the World Championship.
Take a prize-winning place (1-3) at the European Championship or the World Cup.
Take 1st or 2nd place in the World Military Championship or the Military World Games.
Win the junior world championship.
Win the European Cup.
Win the European Championship among juniors.
win international tournament approved by AIBA, provided that the boxer in the current year took 1-3 place in the national championship.
HONORED MASTER OF SPORTS (HMS)
Take first place in the Olympic Games.
Take first place in the World Championship.
Take first place in the European Championship.
Becomes a multiple winner of these competitions.
// Amateur boxing rules
Amateur boxing rules
In the world, there are unified rules for conducting fights for amateur boxers approved by the International Amateur Boxing Association (AIBA) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
New rules for boxing competitions
NEW AIBA BOXING COMPETITION RULES dated August 23, 2013 (in English).
The most important changes in boxing rules:
1. Boxers will box without helmets
2. Electronic judging will be cancelled. Points will be counted according to the professional boxing system.
Basic excerpts from the rules.
AGE RESTRICTIONS
junior boys - 12 years old
middle boys - 13-14 years old
older boys and girls - 15-16 years old
juniors and girls - 17-18 years old
adults and women - 19-40 years old
Restrictions on the number of fights in a certain time, depending on age.
Boys under 15: 2 fights 30 days
Boys and girls 15-16 years old: 3 fights 15 days, 5 fights 30 days
Juniors and adults (men and women): 4 fights 15 days, 5 fights 30 days.
Beginners are allowed to compete only after 3 months of boxing.
According to AIBA rules, athletes no younger than 17 and no older than 34 years old can participate in international competitions.
COMPETITIONS
All tournaments are held according to the Olympic system - knockout. For various groups of athletes, the following battle formula is established:
Boys 12-14 years old
- beginners and 3 category: 3 rounds of 1 minute
- 1st and 2nd category: 3 rounds of 1.5 minutes
Boys 15-16 years old, girls and women
- beginners: 3 rounds of 1 minute
- 3rd and 2nd category: 3 rounds of 1.5 minutes
- Rank 1 and above: 3 rounds of 2 minutes
Juniors and adults
- beginners: 3 rounds of 1.5 minutes
- 3rd and 2nd category: 3 rounds of 2 minutes
- Rank 1 and above: 3 rounds of 3 minutes
At the Absolute Championship of Russia, the fight formula is 3 rounds of 3 minutes. If the tournament is higher than the regional scale, then for boys 15-16 years old, juniors, women and adults, the fight goes according to pure time, that is, various stops during the fight are not taken into account. There should always be 1 minute rest between rounds.
Competitions are individual, team and personal-team.
In individual competitions, the boxer who wins in the final wins. Starting from 4th place and below, places are distributed according to the number of victories.
In team competition, the team with the most points wins. For the victory in the weight category, 2 points are given. 1 point for a loss. In case of non-appearance or absence of the boxer, 0 points are given.
In individual-team competitions, victory also depends on the number of points scored. Victory - 7 points, second place - 5 points, third place - 3.5 points, for each victory up to the semi-finals 1 point. In case of equality of points, the team that takes more than the first wins, etc. places.
Boys are allowed to fight with boys of the same year of birth. Juniors 18 years old are allowed to participate in senior competitions. It is allowed to hold fights of related sports categories. Boxers of the 1st category are allowed to box with masters of sports, including those of international class. In all cases, it is not allowed to conduct more than 1 fight per day.
Boxers who have taken part in professional competitions are not allowed to participate in amateur competitions.
JUDGING
Any competitions and fights are served by a refereeing team in the following composition: The chief referee of the competition monitors the implementation of all competition rules and makes the final decision on all technical issues. The side judges evaluate the actions of the boxers and decide on the outcome of the fight. Official competitions are served by 5 side referees. 3 judges are allowed, but the competition should not be higher than the regional scale. The referee-timekeeper keeps track of the time of the fight and gives the gong signals. The judge-informer reports information during the competition in between rounds. The referee monitors the implementation of the rules of the competition by the boxers directly in the ring and gives them commands. Judges in front of the participants monitor the implementation of all the rules until the boxers enter the ring. The commandant of the competition monitors the technical and economic equipment of the competition. The Technical Delegate is the representative of the Russian Boxing Federation at the competitions, where, based on their results, the participant can be awarded the title of "Master of Sports of Russia".
Competitions can be served by judges and referees, both female and male. Judges serving professional competitions are not allowed to serve amateur competitions.
To serve the fight, the referee uses three commands: "stop", "box", "break". Remarks and warnings are accompanied by referee gestures understandable to boxers and judges.
VIOLATIONS
Depending on the type of violation, the boxer may be reprimanded, warned or disqualified by the referee. In case of a minor violation, the referee may not stop the fight, but make a remark to the boxer or second during the break. Three remarks for the same violation entail a warning. If a caution is given for a violation for which the boxer has already received a warning, it will result in a second warning. Three warnings - disqualification. At each warning, the referee must stop the fight and notify the boxer and each of the side judges about it. A warning may follow immediately after a gross violation. And after a particularly gross or intentional violation, disqualification may immediately follow. Each warning entails the award of additional points to the opponent.
Types of violations:
Hits below the belt, knee strikes, kicks.
Shoulder, forearm, elbow strikes.
Strikes with an open glove, wrist, edge of the palm, backhand.
Blows on the back, on the back of the head, on the kidneys, on the back of the neck.
Choking, wrestling, pushing, holding the opponent.
Using ropes when attacking.
Squeezing the opponent's head out of the line of ropes.
Girths, throws, heaping on an opponent.
Low bends or dives, dangerous head movements.
Binding the opponent's hands with strikes.
Strikes on a lying or rising opponent.
Passive defense, turning your back to the opponent.
Unnecessary talk and insults.
Failure to comply with the referee's orders.
Aggressive behavior towards the referee.
Spitting out the cap.
Holding an outstretched arm in front of an opponent.
RESULTS OF FIGHTS
Match results are as follows:
Win on points (VO). It is determined by the side judges by the number of points scored by the boxers.
Refusal to continue the fight (OTC). The boxer voluntarily withdraws from the fight. His second can also refuse, throwing a towel into the ring.
Victory due to a clear advantage (JP). It is awarded when the opponent misses a large number of blows that threaten his health or the referee counted him the maximum number of knockdowns established by the rules. Depending on age and qualifications, it can be from 1 to 3. The referee determines. It can also be awarded if the difference between missed or delivered strikes by one of the opponents (in electronic refereeing) is 20 points at the beginning of the last round. Boys and women have 15 points.
Inability to continue combat (IPB). If, as a result of the fight, which does not go beyond the rules, the boxer cannot continue the fight due to an injury, the victory is awarded to the boxer who scored the most points at the time the fight was stopped (if the fight lasted more than one round). It is determined by a doctor, or a referee after consulting a doctor.
Win by disqualification (DSC). If during the fight one of the boxers was disqualified, then the victory is awarded to his opponent. The referee is determined.
Knockout (NK). One of the boxers as a result of a missed blow cannot continue the fight for 10 seconds. The referee is determined.
Victory due to non-appearance of the opponent (NA). The boxer is in the ring completely ready for the fight, and his opponent, after the second invitation to the ring and the gong, is absent for 3 minutes or is not ready to start the fight. This victory is also awarded when one of the boxers did not pass the weigh-in or was removed by the doctor before the fight.
Draw. It is possible only if it is agreed in advance in the "Regulations on competitions".
Victory by decision of the Main Jury. It is determined in case of disputable situations (incompetence of the referee, failure of the electronic scoring system, etc.).
Unexpected situations. If an incident beyond the control of the Chief Judge occurs in the 1st or 2nd round, then the fight is postponed for the time specified in the Competition Regulations. If it happened after the 2nd round, then the fight is considered completed, and the winner is determined by the number of points at the time of the incident.
About the rules of boxing. In it you will get acquainted with the basic rules of amateur and professional boxing. You will also learn how amateur boxing differs from professional boxing, the main features and rules that these two have different types sports. So let's start looking.
AIBA (International Association
amateur boxing);
WBC (World Boxing Council);
EBU (European Boxing Union);
IBF ( International Federation Boxing);
IBU ( International Union Boxers);
NBA (National Boxing Association);
NY (New York Athletic Commission);
WBA (World Boxing Association);
WBO ( World Organization by boxing).
. Most competitions have three or four rope-covered rings. The floor should be covered with tarpaulin on the outside, and felt or rubber on the inside. Maximum size ring square 20 by 20 feet; the minimum is 16 by 16 feet for amateurs and 14 by 14 feet for professionals. There must be at least 1 foot 6 inches of floor outside the rope.
