Game exercise jellyfish in the pool. Swimming. Water exercises for children. Swimming for children in Kazan. Exercise "Shake off the water from the fingers"
Fear and self-doubt is a constant tension. And, as you know, in healthy body- healthy spirit! If a child knows how to relax and keep himself in good shape, he will easily gain self-confidence. And it is water that can have a strong positive effect on human feelings.
Oksana Igorevna Chernukha, family psychologist, child psychoanalyst, employee of the Vert Center for Professional Psychology, mother of four children
Water is the native element for man. The development of the child takes place in the womb in this particular environment, so bathing and staying in it brings positive emotions. Swimming in the pool is useful for both the mental and emotional state of a person: it normalizes nervous system, there is a feeling of calmness and harmony, sleep and appetite improve.
In these exercises, the main goal is to relax the body as much as possible so that the water itself holds the child. If a little swimmer managed to master this technique, we can assume that he "made friends" with water.
Important: in both exercises correct execution does not involve touching the bottom, even if it is performed in "shallow" water.
Diving: Learning Courage
To overcome fears and develop perseverance, it is best to dive - for objects, for time or for distance (the longer and further, the better).
In diving, all the buoyancy of the water is manifested, and the child must show purposefulness, sinking to the bottom. To do this, you need to dive while holding your breath, gradually releasing air from your lungs in order to allow your body to sink to the bottom faster and easier.
Swimming on the back with alternating hand work. Everything is the same as in the previous exercise, but the hands are included in the work - one stroke with the right, one with the left. But you can work with only one hand, depending on how the spine is curved (the specialist will tell you);
Swimming on the back with the simultaneous work of the hands. And in this exercise, both hands must make synchronous movements, due to which there is a symmetrical work of the muscles of the back and arms. If you exclude leg movements from the exercise, the load on the muscles of the arms and back will increase.
Swimming with fins: be decisive!
For greater confidence in the water, it is good to use fins. They increase the speed of movement, which helps the child feel his strength and increase physical capabilities. And fins also add variety to ordinary swimming - swimming in them is much more interesting and dynamic!
At the same time, you can additionally develop the skills of crawl and dolphin swimming, which has a very good effect on the mobility of the lumbar and thoracic spine and includes the muscles of the legs.
The two most important exercises in learning to swim. Dear swimmers! Remember! Nothing is more important than these two exercises for a beginner who has decided to learn how to swim correctly! Because it is with their help that you will teach your body to take the only correct position in the water, in which the resistance in the water will be minimal. These exercises have "talking" names: "Sausage" "Arrow" With the help of the first exercise - "Sausages" - we will learn to relax in the water, merge with it, lean on it. Exercise "Arrow" will help develop the skill to take the only correct position of the body in the water when swimming crawl, breaststroke or butterfly.
Exercise "Sausage". Standing in waist-deep water, you need to inhale, relax and dive face down into the water. And then - hang like this in the water while holding your breath. It is important that your whole body is completely relaxed!!! Your legs should hang in the water with whips, in no case do not lean on them! But it is especially important that the neck and head are relaxed! After hanging like a sausage in the water, after 20-30 seconds, gently stand up and raise your head out of the water. The meaning of this exercise: You must get two points of support (attention!) in the water: the first point is your face, the second is your chest. With these two points of support, it will be convenient for you to make movements with your arms and legs, no matter what style you swim in the future. Because these two points of support are stability, your “foundation” in the water! And do not think yet, but how am I going to inhale?! Swimming breathing will be covered later!! Common Mistake an adult learning to swim: the inability to relax the head the first time when immersed in water. What is the reason? Working day at the computer, regular prolonged stress, fear of water since childhood. Therefore, devote as much time to this exercise as it takes to complete it successfully. When performing "Sausage", the neck, arms, head, eyes and even eyebrows should be relaxed. Another important point: Eyes must be kept open. Empirically, it has been repeatedly verified: with closed eyes, the exercise is performed much worse than with open eyes.
Exercise "Arrow". Important! The position of the swimmer in Strelka is the basic position of the body in the water when swimming in crawl, breaststroke or butterfly! There is no point in learning any other elements from these styles if you have not learned how to correctly perform the Arrow. All other movements from the listed styles of swimming seem to be “glued” to this basic position. So, to perform this exercise, you need to stretch your arms in front of you. It is better if the arms are spread parallel to each other, especially if the exercise is performed by a beginner. In this position, both hands rest on the water. You can imagine the hands as a pair of skis parallel to each other and resting on the track, in our case, on the water. Hands should be kept on the surface of the water, not lowering them under water and not raising them completely out of the water. In this case, one leg is initially bent and rests on the side. Take a breath, lower your head into the water "sausage", the look is directed to the bottom. And only after we lie down with our chest and head on the water, pull the other leg to the side and make a soft, elastic push. And then - slide so to a complete stop. What is the point of this exercise? This position of the body in the water causes the least resistance! This means that the more often you bring your body into such a reference position while sliding while swimming breaststroke, crawl or butterfly, the more energy you will save! But if you start to strain your neck and raise your face, the body will immediately begin to sink into the water, giving a draft “aft”. And in such a semi-vertical position, it is much more difficult to swim. If the head not only sinks into the water, but also relaxes, it starts to float rib cage. With a relaxed face, we rely on it. In such a horizontal position, which is the base, it is much easier to swim. And this is what we need!
Three mistakes when performing the “arrow” Often, having mastered the “Arrow”, beginners, especially children, make such a mistake as jumping while diving. What is the risk of such an error? After such a jump, the head immediately goes under the water. And at the same time, firstly, water can get into the nose, and secondly, having failed after jumping under water, the beginner instinctively wants to raise his head up. And swimming in Strelka with a tensely raised head is wrong for the reason that we described above! With the right approach, you need to inhale, gently put your face on the water, without jumping, and then push off with the second leg, pulling it up to the side first. The second mistake is spreading your legs while sliding, because they will cling to the water and slow down your progress in the water. After the push from the side, keep your legs together and stretch your socks. The third mistake is not very fundamental, but it is still worth paying attention to: a beginner often, when performing the Arrow, keeps his arms in front not straight, but half-bent. When learning the front crawl, it is important that the arms are straight as they are brought forward into the preparatory position for the stroke. And if, when learning the “Arrow”, the arms are not straight enough, then the same will happen when swimming with the crawl: you will bring them forward half-bent, and from this the length of the stroke will be small, insufficient for good and correct sliding. That is why the “skis” of the “arrow” must initially be straight. Keep your arms straight!!
Repetition is the mother of learning. If you have the opportunity to take your smartphone with you to the pool, and, having chosen a safe place for it, view the materials of this video lesson online again, then the effect of the classes will be even higher. And it will be very cool if someone can make a video recording of them while you are doing the exercises. After reviewing the recorded material, you will be able to eliminate errors much faster and learn how to correctly perform Sausage and Arrow. The two main exercises in learning to swim. And then move on! For our next lessons!!
Goals:
Expand and deepen children's ideas about jellyfish.
Show children natural connections in nature.
Dictionary: scuba.
Develop the small muscles of the hands of children.
Raise interest in nature, the desire to learn something new about it.
Equipment:
Photos of jellyfish, a picture with an underwater seascape, paper, scissors, glue, brushes, napkins.
aurelia jellyfish
Medusa Cornerot
Lesson progress:
Today we will take a trip to the underwater sea kingdom.
But can a person stay under water for a long time? Why? (Answers of children). Of course, we all need air to breathe. Do you know what device the French explorer came up with in order to stay under water for a long time? (Answers of children). This device is called scuba gear. We have already met words beginning with "aqua" more than once. Remember them. (Answers of children). Aquarium, water park, watercolor. The meaning of these words is somehow connected with water. "Aqua" - this is water, only in another language, in Latin.
Put on your scuba gear and start diving into our sea. What is it called? (Answers of children). (Imitation of putting on a scuba gear and diving).
Who can we meet in the waters of our Black Sea? (Answers of children). There are dolphins, and mussels, and rapana, and katran, and anchovy.
And here is the mysterious jellyfish. Take a look at the picture.
In summer and autumn, there are many jellyfish off the coast of Crimea. They clog fishing nets, interfere with those who swim in the sea, sometimes they are thrown ashore by a wave. They were called differently: sea fat, sea moon, sea heart. Why do you think? (Answers of children).
Many different small jellyfish live in our sea, there are also large ones. They are armed. Under the umbrella they have stinging cells. Take a look at the photo. Here they are, like tentacles. If an enemy approaches a jellyfish, it can burn it with its stinging cells. This burn resembles a nettle burn. Hence also such names of jellyfish as a bug, sea nettle. For jellyfish enemies, this burn is dangerous, but for a person it is not so dangerous, but painful. So when you meet a large jellyfish, look at it, admire it, but do not approach or touch it.
Jellyfish move by contracting their umbrellas. Connect the fingertips of both hands and round the palms so that you get a hemisphere - that's the jellyfish umbrella. Now try to show how it shrinks. Here the jellyfish swims slowly, but faster. (Performed finger gymnastics). And now the jellyfish is swimming fast. Soon there will be a storm at sea. How many of you know the name of a sea storm? (Answers of children). Shortly before a storm, jellyfish swim away from the shore. Scientists have noticed this and are using it to warn of an impending storm.
Previously, it was believed that the jellyfish has no eyes and, therefore, it does not see anything. But one Russian scientist carefully observed the jellyfish and noticed that they were striving from the darkness towards the light. So jellyfish see the light! But no one believed this scientist. But he did not give up and found jellyfish eyes on tentacles. It is not for nothing that they say: "patience and work will grind everything."
And now the game. Get in a circle, take the ball. You already know a lot about nature. For example, about the fact that everything in nature is interconnected, someone takes care of someone, someone eats someone. Whoever I throw the ball to should continue my sentence.
1. Hare - food for ... (wolf, fox).
2. Honey is a favorite treat ... (bear).
3. Insects are eaten - ... (birds).
4. Sea raven cormorant eats - ... (fish).
5. Deer eat - ... (grass).
6. Plankton is food - ... (whales).
7. They feast on fish - ... (sharks, seagulls, etc.)
Imagine that no one eats jellyfish. These are amazing creatures that no one encroaches on them. Except human. Jellyfish are eaten in China and Japan. And the jellyfish themselves eat plankton. But under the umbrellas of jellyfish, young horse mackerels are hiding. Until they grow up and gain strength. Would you like predatory fish feast on babies, but they are afraid of jellyfish stinging cells. When horse mackerels grow up, they leave their shelter under the jellyfish umbrella and pay her black ingratitude: they bite the edges of the umbrella. This is how good is repaid with evil.
Paper construction "Medusa"
Now I want to invite you to make a jellyfish out of paper. With the help of scissors, glue and, of course, your skillful hands, we will make just such a jellyfish. (Paper construction. Considering crafts.)
Questions:
1. How does a jellyfish protect itself from enemies?
2. What does a jellyfish eat?
3. Who eats the jellyfish itself?
4. What is the name of the device for a long stay of a person under water?
5. Who takes refuge under the jellyfish umbrella?
6. How does a jellyfish move?
7. What do you know about jellyfish eyes?
8. When do jellyfish swim away from the shore?
9. What names were given to the jellyfish?
You can invite children to compose stories about the adventures of a jellyfish, draw illustrations, and arrange them in a book.
Jellyfish Legend: "Heart of the Sea"
One day two brothers were swimming in the sea. Here the elder, when he swam, quietly swam to the shore, and the younger - further and further from the shore. And the sea wave fell in love with the brave brother: she took him, hugged him tightly and pulls him to the bottom, to the underwater kingdom of the sea.
The lad resists, shouts, calls his brother for help. And the elder is afraid to swim. He thinks: “It’s deep there, I’ll drown with him!”.
- Oh, my dear brother! Oh, dear brother, save! - last time the lad emerged, shedding tears.
“Let the Lord save you,” the elder said cowardly, but he himself did not dare to even look at how his brother was drowning, and quickly rowing to the shore, climbing onto a stone.
The wave got angry and chased the coward, caught up with him, carried him into the sea and drowned him.
The sea queen sheltered her little brother at the bottom. And she turned his tears into sparkling pearls, and his curls into corals. And the older brother of fish and crayfish was dragged to the ground. Only no one wanted to touch the heart: that cowardly heart was so vile.
Since then, that heart has appeared in the sea. Timidly, stealthily swims, slippery, cold, burning like nettles, it moves sluggishly, trembles, there is not even a shadow from it - it is transparent. And the sea disdains the heart: it throws it on the shore, and there it dies without a trace.
Elena Anatolyevna Novikova
exercises are performed both on land and in water.
These exercises are divided into:
1) general developmental and special physical exercises;
2) exercises for development with water;
3) jumping into the water;
4) exercises to study technology swimming.
5) games and entertainment in water;
Depending on the stage learning, the child performs exercises of a particular group. Ratio exercises from different groups at every stage learning determined by the conditions for classes, age and preparedness of those involved.
General developmental and special physical exercises.
They must be completed 1-1.5 months before the start swimming lessons, and then daily on land before each class in water. It is even better if, in addition to this, a complex of general developmental and special physical exercises performed in the morning instead of charging. This is an opportunity for a beginner in the usual conditions on land to get acquainted with the movements characteristic of the technique. swimming.
General developmental physical exercises help to increase the level of development of such qualities as strength, coordination of movements, dexterity, flexibility, speed, which is also necessary for the successful mastering of technology swimming. These include such exercises like walking, jumping, tilting, squats, push-ups, swinging arms and legs and many others.
Special physical exercises aimed at improving joint mobility. Basically, these exercises, imitating crawl arm movements, circular movements of the arms back and forth "mill", circular rotations stop and others.
Of these exercises a set of simple exercises(usually it includes 10-12 exercises) .
Exercises for development with water.
They are widely used in the early stages, helping learner, get used to the new unusual environment and prepare for the study of technology swimming. All these exercises must be performed while holding the breath after inhalation. As already mentioned, this is done in order to improve buoyancy of the body involved which is especially important in the first steps learning. Exercises for mastering with water, they are performed in a shallow place, reaching the level of the belt or chest. Exercises for development with water can be divided into several subgroups.
Exercises to get acquainted with the unusual properties of water
help to feel confident in unusual conditions of the aquatic environment, familiarization with the density, viscosity, resistance and temperature of the water. To these exercises applies different kind walking in water with different positions of arms and legs.
Head diving.
They teach beginners not to be afraid of water and splashes. Dive underwater while holding your breath. Ability to open eyes water helps you navigate better aquatic environment. Exercises This group includes various dives under water with a head.
Floating up and lying on water.
Helps to feel an unusual, balanced state in water and help to stay at the surface of the water without performing any movements. Lying in a horizontal position educates children ability to maintain body balance water.
to this subgroup exercises included widely famous: « float» , "star", "jellyfish", and others.
Slip.
Promotion of the body on the surface of the water on the chest and on the back, with and without the work of the legs, while the hands take any motionless posture. Performing slides helps to master the balance of the body while moving in water, learn to stretch forward, taking the most streamlined body position. to this subgroup exercises included: "arrow", "torpedo" and others.
Exhale into the water.
Very important in mastering breathing techniques. Inhale above the surface of the water and exhale into the water, repeated many times during swimming in the rhythm of rowing movements performed by arms and legs are an indispensable element of the technique of each method swimming. "Learn to breathe in water and you will learn swim"- this proverb shows that breathing is the key to mastering the technique swimming.
To this group exercises includes single and multiple exhalations into the water, as well as exhalations into the water with the head turned to inhale and exhale both above the water and into the water.
Diving.
They help you get used to the water faster. Jumping into the water brings up courage, determination, the ability to dive deep without fear and stay under water for some time. Performing water jumps during swimming lessons brings a lot of joyful emotions to those involved. Only such jumps are selected, during which the possibility of hitting the bottom is excluded. It all depends on the depth and width of the pool. So in few in large pools, you can only perform jumps with your feet down and sliding into the water from a sitting position on the side.
Exercises to study technology swimming.
On initial stage exercises performed with aids.
They are done piecemeal. Performing sliding on the chest and on the back, the occupants master the position of the body. At the same time, the ability to inhale above the water and exhale into the water is improved. Then the movements of the legs and arms are studied. Selection exercises for hands is individual. Because trainable has a malformation of the right hand, then the stroke right hand will be shorter. Emphasis is placed on left hand. The right one simulates a stroke. And he will swim mainly due to the work of his legs. Separation of the development of technology swimming with exercise facilitates by elements education and helps to avoid unnecessary errors. As soon as the practitioners learned to lie on water and glide, exhale into the water, perform leg movements, knows how to coordinate hands with breathing, you can immediately proceed to coordinating these movements with each other, and then to swimming in full
coordination. Coordination of movements is carried out
in this order: leg movements with breathing; hand movements with breathing; swimming in full coordination on holding the breath; swimming in perfect coordination with breathing.
As mentioned at the beginning, learner swims most often with sleeves.
Games and entertainment in water.
At swimming lessons for children and teenagers are sure to have games and entertainment on water. They are irreplaceable in the classroom. swimming, do learning more emotional help children fall in love swimming, stimulate the desire to engage in it systematically. games in water contribute physical development, health promotion and hardening, as well as the education of independence, initiative, the ability to make decisions quickly, interact in a team. The choice of game depends on the number of players age and readiness, water temperature depth. As a rule, only those exercises or movements, which are performed by all participants in the game. If the water is cool, the game should be active and played at a fast pace.
Instructor for swimming: GBOU secondary school No. 1420 building 10
Novikova Elena Anatolievna
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At the first swimming lesson, an introductory conversation is held, in which the leader tells the children about the importance of swimming, about swimming hygiene, about the program and the order of classes. The leader introduces the children to the measures that ensure the safety of classes, and draws Special attention the need to observe strict discipline in the swimming lesson.
Exercises for mastering in water
1. Dive head first into the water
On the command “inhale”, the guys take a deep breath, on the command “sit down”, crouching, they plunge headlong into the water. Exercise should be performed calmly, at a slow pace.
After inhaling, close your mouth. You can not, plunging into the water, cover your face with your hands. The guys should get used to the fact that the water flows from the face, and not brush it off with their hands. To do this, the exercise should be carried out in such a way that the guys, straightening up, put their hands on their belts and remain in this position until the next dive.
2. Dive head first into the water and exhale underwater(Fig. 5)
The number of dives is gradually increasing.
Familiarization with this exercise should begin on the shore. It is important to teach the children to take a full breath. For this, a special exercise is introduced. On command, a deep breath and exhalation are taken, and the “exhale” command is greatly stretched. (When giving it away, you must count to ten in your mind.)
Having taught the children to take a deep breath and exhale, you can move on to familiarize yourself with the exercise as a whole. Getting acquainted with this exercise on the shore, the guys on the “inhale” command take a deep breath in, on the “exhale” command they squat on their toes (knees together) and exhale simultaneously with the squat. It is necessary that the beginning of the exhalation coincides with the beginning of the squat. Inhalation is made through the mouth, exhalation through the mouth and nose.
In the water, the exercise “exhale into the water” is learned under the command: “inhale” - a deep breath is taken, “exhale” - the guys, crouching, plunge into the water and exhale through the mouth.
If the exercise is performed correctly, bubbles appear on the surface of the water. The guys should open their eyes under water and make sure they exhale into the water correctly. Dive into the water and straighten up slowly.
Children 8-9 years old, before starting the exercise "immersion with the head and exhale into the water", must do in the water the following exercises:
1) standing at the bottom, lean forward, touching the water with your chin, and blow on it so that a small wave leaves your lips; 2) sit down, lowering your lips into the water and leaving the rest of your face above the water, exhale into the water through your mouth to form foam; 3) crouching, leaning forward and lowering only the face into the water, exhaling through the mouth, during which bubbles form; 4) dive head first into the water and exhale underwater.
3. Floating up(Fig. 6)
Before learning the exercise “floating up with a float” in the water, children on the shore get acquainted with right position groupings. In the water, at the “inhale” command, a deep breath is taken, at the “sit down” command, immersion in water is made and the position of a tight group is assumed. In order for the guys to wait for the moment when their bodies are pushed to the surface by water, the leader gives them a task; count to fifteen in your mind and only then lower your legs. The leader must warn the guys that at the moment the body is lifted from the bottom and floats up, it seems to the person that he is tipping over headfirst.
When performing the exercise “floating up with a float” repeatedly, you should alternate it with the exercise “exhale into the water”.
4. Slip on your chest(Fig. 7)
On the command "inhale" a deep breath is taken, on the command "forward" the slide is made on the water. While sliding, the head is sandwiched between the hands, the hands touch the ears. Children who cannot swim first perform this exercise, moving towards the shore. In the future, the exercise "sliding on the chest" can be carried out in the form of a competition.
If at first the guys perform a slide, holding their breath, then in the future it is necessary to ensure that the slide is performed simultaneously with exhalation into the water.
Particular attention should be paid to this exercise, since with its help children learn to exhale into the water in the position in which they will have to perform it when swimming in crawl and breaststroke.
5. Looking at objects in the water(for non-swimmers).
Searching for items at the bottom (for those who can swim)
When performing the exercise “examining objects in the water”, children are divided into pairs; each pair does the exercise independently. One of the guys plunges headlong into the water, opens his eyes there and counts the fingers that his friend shows him. Then they switch roles. The supervisor checks whether the exercise was performed correctly by questioning. Children who know how to exhale into the water should be warned by the leader that when opening their eyes under water, it is not necessary to exhale into the water, since in this case nothing can be seen due to the rising bubbles. As you master this exercise, you should ensure that the guys learn to dive with their eyes open, and not open them only under water.
The exercise "search for objects in the water" is carried out as follows. Having taken the stones, the guys enter the water, line up facing the shore at a distance of 1.5-2 steps from each other and, at the command of the leader, throw stones into the water. Throwing stones is allowed only towards the shore, otherwise you can throw them where the depth is too great. After the stones are thrown, the leader gives a command, according to which the guys dive into the water and look for them. A second command to “throw stones into the water” can only be given after all the guys have surfaced. It is necessary to explain to the guys that when performing this exercise, in order to avoid accidents, the strictest discipline must be observed.
6. Straightening from the "float" position
(for ages 13-15) (Fig. 8)
