Type of swimming on the side. Scientific electronic library. Providing assistance to the victim on the water is the duty and obligation of every citizen. Depending on the situation, well-coordinated actions are needed to provide assistance
Swimming on the side is of great practical importance, it is effective when swimming in clothes, towing the injured, transporting objects.
Swimming technique on the side
For side swimming method characterized by asymmetric alternating movements of the arms and asymmetric simultaneous movements of the legs. One cycle of movements in this method consists of two alternate movements of the arms, one movement of the legs, one inhalation and one exhalation into the water. The angle of attack during the cycle ranges from 3 to 10°, oscillations of the upper body around the longitudinal axis from 10 to 50°.
Consider in stages the technique of swimming in the way on the side:
- The initial position of the body is on its side in an extended position, the legs are connected and straightened, the “lower” hand is forward, the “upper” is straight along the body with the palm down. The head lies on the water on its side, with the side of the face lowered into the water.
- The movement of the body begins with a stroke with the “lower” arm down and back (at first the arm is straight, by the end of the movement it bends at the elbow), at this moment the “upper” arm begins to move out of the water (first the shoulder, then the forearm, hand). During the movement with the arms, the body turns slightly to the chest. Legs are straightened.
- The “upper” arm enters the water and goes down to an angle of 45° with the surface of the water (the angle of flexion at the elbow is 140°), the “lower” arm is bent at the elbow and pressed against the body. The "upper" leg is bent at the knee and hip joint and moves forward in relation to the body (until the lower leg takes a position parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body, and the angle between the front surface of the trunk and the thigh, as well as between the back surface of the thigh and the lower leg is 110-120 °), at the end foot movements on yourself. The “lower” leg bends at the knee joint, slightly at the hip joint and moves backwards relative to the body (until the angle between the thigh and the body is 165-170 °, and between the lower leg and thigh 85-90 °), stretch the foot.
- The "upper" hand strokes along the body from front to back. The legs unbend and make a push due to the simultaneous straightening and connection in an arc. At the same time, the “lower” hand is brought forward. At the moment of completing the stroke with the “upper” arm, the swimmer turns his head towards the “upper” shoulder to inhale.
- The body turns to its original position and slides along the surface.
The movements of the "upper" hand are similar to the movements of the hand in front crawl on the chest. The difference is that when swimming on the side, the arm enters the water closer to the head and the stroke is performed along the body, stopping at the hip in the starting position.
When swimming in clothes or when swimming silently, the “upper” hand, instead of carrying it, performs a preparatory movement under the surface of the water.
Sidestroke
When swimming on the side, the swimmer is located with the right or left side up, the head lies freely on the water (partially submerged in water). Promotion is carried out due to asymmetric rowing movements of the arms and legs.
The rowing movements of the hands are performed alternately, with one hand, located on top, sweeping forward above the water, and the other, located below, performs preparatory movements under water. During one cycle of arm movements, the swimmer makes one asymmetrical scissor stroke with his legs.
For the convenience of describing the technique of movements, the hand that sweeps over the water, and the leg moving closer to the surface of the water, are called "upper", and the hand that performs all movements in the water, and the leg of the same name - "lower".
Body position. It is more convenient to sail in such a way as to make fuller use of more strong leg(working from above) and a hand that performs more powerful and longer strokes (working from above). Therefore, most people swim this way on their left side.
While putting the hand into the water and the first half of the stroke with the upper arm, the torso periodically turns chest down, and when the second half of the stroke is performed and the arm is carried over the water, it returns to the position on the side again. These fluctuations are reflected in the position of the pelvis to a lesser extent.
Hand movements. They are performed alternately sequentially. When lower hand makes a stroke, the top sweeps forward over the water. During the stroke with the upper arm, the lower arm is pulled forward under water to its original position to start the next working movement.
In the movements of the hands, the same component phases are distinguished as in the sports methods of swimming: labor movement(capture of water, pulling up and repulsion) and preparatory movement (bringing the lower hand forward under water and taking it out, carrying the upper hand over the water, putting it into the water and lowering it to a depth).
Coordination of hand movements . When the lower arm is in the starting position for the stroke, the upper arm, after the end of the working movement, is extended along the body and relaxed. The swimmer glides in the water with closed legs in a sideways position.
During the start of the stroke with the lower hand, the upper one is taken out of the water. The body of the swimmer is on its side. As the stroke is completed, the lower arm sweeps through the air with the other. When putting the upper hand into the water, the lower one completes the working movement, and the torso turns to the chest.
During the stroke with the upper hand, the lower one under water is brought forward and the body of the swimmer again turns on its side.
Coordination of head movements and breathing. The swimmer's head is partially submerged in water. For one cycle of hand movements, one inhalation and exhalation are performed. To inhale, the head is turned towards the upper arm during the end of the stroke so that the mouth appears above the water. Inhalation is made through the mouth when the upper hand is taken out of the water and carried forward. The face is then lowered into the water while the swimmer's torso is turned onto the chest towards the hand that is put into the water. After some delay on inhalation, exhale through the mouth and nose. The exhalation ends when the second half of the stroke is performed with the upper arm.
Leg movements . These movements are divided into preparatory and working (rowing). Starting position: the swimmer lies on his side, legs are straightened and brought together. This position of the athlete is maintained during a pause in movements after the end of the stroke with the upper arm.
The preparatory movement consists in breeding and pulling the feet to the body, with the upper leg moving towards the chest, and the lower leg towards the back. The upper leg is actively bent at the hip joint, the thigh moves forward. The muscles fixing the knee and ankle joints are relaxed. Therefore, under the influence of oncoming currents of water, the leg is bent at the knee joint, and the foot is brought into the position of plantar flexion. The lower leg extends at the hip joint and flexes at the knee joint. The relaxed foot is located in the direction of the oncoming currents of water in the position of dorsiflexion. Wherein lower leg somewhat pushed aside. The preparatory movement of the legs ends when the angle between the torso and thigh of the upper leg is 100–120 degrees, and the lower leg is bent at the knee joint to an acute angle. In by next moment before the start of the stroke, the swimmer brings the foot of the upper leg to the rear flexion position, and the foot of the lower leg to the plantar flexion position.
From the starting position, the stroke begins, the legs straighten and come together like scissors. The upper leg is unbent at the hip and knee joints, the foot is held in a dorsiflexion position. The lower leg is slightly bent at the hip joint and vigorously unbends at the knee joint, the relaxed foot is brought into the position of plantar flexion. At the end of the stroke, the legs are brought together and straightened. The foot of the upper leg is brought into the position of plantar flexion, as if completing the stroke.
General coordination of movements. After sliding on the side, the swimmer performs a rowing motion with the lower arm, the upper arm is taken out of the water and begins to sweep forward. The swimmer takes a breath. The legs are starting to sag.
The rowing movement of the lower hand ends, and it is brought forward. The upper hand is put into the water and begins the working movement. the swimmer inhales or holds his breath while inhaling. The legs complete the preparatory movement. The body is turned chest down. the top hand continues the stroke. The bottom one is pulled forward. An exhalation takes place. Legs produce working movement. The swimmer turns on his side and after the end of the stroke with his upper arm and legs slides in a position on his side.
Swimming on your side without taking your hands out of the water. To solve a variety of applied tasks, you can swim on your side, performing movements with your lower arm and lower leg, and with your upper arm you can hold the victim on the surface of the water, or a relatively light object, or tow any relatively light load (for example, a bundle with clothes and equipment, raft with cargo).
Body position. The body lies horizontally on its side, the right hand is extended forward with the palm down, and left hand palm to the body is extended along the body, the head lies freely on the water, legs with drawn socks together.
Coordination of movements . The left hand, bending at the elbow, is carried forward under water, the right hand, with strong pressure on the water, makes a stroke in the direction of the right thigh; legs are freely extended, inhalation is made. The right hand after the stroke, bending at the elbow, is extended forward, and the left hand, grabbing water in front of it, makes a stroke back to the left thigh. Along with this, the legs should have time to spread out and do a bench press. The upper leg, half-bent, is extended forward, and the lower leg, half-bent, is retracted. The upper arm stroke, leg press and exhalation are the same. After that, the body takes its original position.
Breaststroke Swimming
Depending on the conditions, a swimmer can either swim with their face down in the water or keep their head above the water all the time. By swimming in this way, you can push some floating object in front of you, as well as tow a tired or injured person.
With the help of movements with one leg, relatively heavy objects can be transported. Depending on the conditions, you can swim with the help of movements with one hand. while the legs are kept stretched out due to minor movements - as when swimming in the dolphin way. The breaststroke technique is described in Chapter II. Of course, depending on the situation, this technique is somewhat modified.
Swimming in the crawl on the chest without taking out hands
This type of freestyle swimming (Chapter II) is convenient for swimming in clothes.
The body position is horizontal. The head is raised so that the mouth is above the water and the water reaches only to the chin. The left hand is extended forward, the right hand is along the body.
Hand movements and breathing. The right hand, bending at the elbow, is carried forward under water, the left hand, with strong pressure on the water, makes a stroke back to the hip. At this moment, a breath is taken through the mouth. After the right arm is fully extended forward and the left arm is fully stroked, the latter, bending at the elbow, is brought forward under water, and the right arm, with strong pressure on the water, strokes back to the hip. At this point, exhale through the mouth. Then the movements are repeated. Leg movements - as in the front crawl method - four-stroke or six-stroke crawl.
Coordination of movements . For a cycle of arm movements - 4 or 6 kicks from top to bottom.
Swimming in the crawl way "on the back" without the removal of hands
This method is used when transporting a drowning person, when swimming with various objects, as well as for resting when swimming in other ways.
body position . The body lies horizontally, the face is above the water, the legs with pointed toes are straightened and closed.
Hand movements . Hands with palms turned downwards are retracted with little fingers to the sides by 20–30 cm; then, turning the palms towards the body, quickly make a stroke towards the hips (figure eight). Breathing is deep and continuous.
Leg movements. The legs work in the same way as in the front crawl with the extension of the arms.
Swimming with breaststroke on the back
When swimming in the breaststroke on the back, advancement is carried out due to simultaneous, but sequentially performed strokes with both hands and two legs.
Body position. The body of the swimmer is located at the surface of the water, the face is turned up. The angle of attack of the torso periodically increases due to the lowering of the pelvis when pulling up the legs and decreases to a minimum after pushing off with the legs and stroke with the arms.
From the starting position, in which the arms are extended forward, a stroke is performed through the sides down. In the second phase of the stroke, part of the effort is aimed at creating lift, since at this moment the pelvis drops significantly due to the pulling of the legs. After the end of the working movement, the swimmer takes both hands out of the water and carries them forward in the direction of advance. Then he lowers them into the water, straightening them at the elbow and wrist joints, while the hands are shoulder-width apart.
Inhalation is done through the mouth and is done while taking the hands out of the water and carrying them through the air; exhale - through the mouth and nose at the time of the second half of the stroke with the hands.
The preparatory and working movements are performed in general terms in the same way as when swimming breaststroke at the surface of the water.
From the starting position at the moment of sliding, the legs are bent at the knee and, to a lesser extent, at the hip joints. Relaxed feet are pulled to the pelvis.
The preparatory movement ends with the breeding of the feet. This is followed by a vigorous straightening of the feet in the knee and hip joints. The feet during the working movement are reduced, moving through the sides back.
Movement coordination. From the starting position, in which the legs are straightened in all joints, the hands are at the hips, preparatory movements of the arms and legs begin to be performed almost simultaneously, but with some advance of the movements of the arms: when the arms have already taken their original position before the start of the working movement, the legs are a little more late. The working movement is performed by them simultaneously.
After the end of the working movement, the swimmer's body moves in the water by inertia, sliding on its back.
Breaststroke swimming on the back with movements with one leg is used when transporting an injured person or various cargoes.
Swimming in clothes
Clothes and shoes must be strong. When swimming, it is recommended to turn out the pockets, tie the ties, unfasten the buttons, tuck the shoes into the belt or tie them behind the back to the belt. Sleeves and trousers can be rolled up.
Swim only in ways without taking your hands out of the water. You need to work with your hands so that the surface of the water is disturbed as little as possible in front of your face. The movements are calm, do not hold your breath. Do not rush. In case of forced undressing in water, remove items in the following sequence:
1) remove the load (backpack, etc.); 2) unfasten (untie) the waist belt; 3) get rid of shoes; 4) pull the shirt over the head (taking it with one hand behind the collar or with two hands crosswise in front at the bottom edge). When removing, be sure to immerse yourself in water; 5) take off your pants (you can dive into the water or lie on your back). The underwear is removed in the same way.
Diving and search methods underwater
Diving - swimming under the surface of the water without the use of auxiliary means and equipment - is widely used in helping a drowning person when the latter has plunged into the water, when overcoming the water space in a combat situation, hidden from the enemy, and in various other cases.
Diving classes develop such qualities and skills as the ability to see and navigate underwater, etc.
Diving requires strict adherence to safety precautions, as prolonged exposure to water can be harmful to the body. The lack of air access to the lungs leads to the accumulation of excess decay products in the body. In addition, a prolonged breath holding on inspiration leads to an increase in intrapulmonary pressure, which adversely affects the activity of blood circulation, making it difficult for blood to flow to the heart and worsening pulmonary circulation.
If the diving exercise is short-term, then due to rapid and deep breathing after it, the accumulated decay products are quickly removed from the body. With a longer dive, oxygen starvation occurs, which adversely affects the activity of brain cells that are sensitive to a lack of oxygen. With prolonged exposure to carbon dioxide on the respiratory centers, their sensitivity decreases and a person may lose consciousness.
To increase the duration of stay under water in the absence of air access to the lungs, they resort to hyperventilation of the lungs, i.e. rapid and deep breathing immediately before diving. Hyperventilation of the lungs is also necessary after diving for faster recovery of normal breathing.
When diving into the depths, due to the increase in water pressure on the eardrums, the swimmer experiences pain in the ears. To reduce pain, it is recommended to make swallowing movements in order to somewhat equalize the difference in pressure from the outside and inner sides eardrum. With immersion to depth, the work of the heart also becomes more complicated, since the vessels are squeezed, especially those that are close to the surface of the body, and this, in turn, makes it difficult for blood to flow to the working muscles.
When diving, a slightly modified technique of sports swimming methods is used: breaststroke, crawl, or a combination of the techniques of these methods, for example, moving the legs, as when swimming on the side and moving the arms, as when swimming in the breaststroke method.
crawl diving
Two variants of the technique are used here: 1) diving with only foot movements; 2) diving with movements of the legs and arms.
In the first version of the technique, forward movement is carried out thanks to leg movements. The swimmer's arms are extended forward and straightened at the elbow and wrist joints, the hands are in contact with the thumbs or laid one on top of the other. The head is located strictly between the hands. The entire body of the swimmer is extended.
In the second version of the technique, the swimmer makes swimming movements with his legs and arms. Arm movements can be as in breaststroke swimming, but the stroke is made to the hips, or as in freestyle swimming (the preparatory movements resemble the movements of a swimmer when swimming in a freestyle swimming at the surface of the water without extending the arms).
Breaststroke diving
When performing preparatory movements, the bending of the legs in the hip joints is less than when swimming near the surface of the water, due to which the heels are located above the pelvis before repulsion. Hand movements can be of two options. In one version, these are movements such as when swimming in the breaststroke method at the surface of the water. The coordination of movements with the legs and arms in this variant is characterized by some delay in pulling up the legs. Push-off with the legs begins when the arms are fully returned to their original position. The pause between the movements of the legs and arms is somewhat longer than when swimming near the surface of the water. In another version of the breaststroke diving method, the stroke with the hands is elongated (to the hips). It resembles a stroke when swimming in a butterfly way. In the starting position, the arms are sent forward along the body. The movements of the legs and arms are coordinated in this way: after the stroke, the arms are located along the hips, the legs are extended at this moment; the first preparatory movements are performed by the legs; they start pushing off when the arms have not yet returned to the starting position, and finish when the arms are fully returned to the starting position and are ready to start the stroke. Sometimes the movements of the arms and legs are performed simultaneously.
Diving way on the side . Hand movements are performed as in breaststroke or butterfly swimming. In both cases, the position of the body remains relatively constant: the swimmer "lies" on his side, slightly turned on his chest.
The movements of the legs are no different from the movements of the legs when swimming on the side near the surface of the water. In the first variant, the movements of the arms are made to shoulder level and are similar to the movements made by a swimmer at the surface of the water when swimming in the breaststroke method.
After the end of the working movement with the legs and arms, there is a pause. Then the arms are sent forward to the starting position along the body in the same way as when performing this movement in breaststroke swimming with an extended stroke to the hips.
Diving into the depths down from the surface of the water . Before diving, it is necessary to give the body a horizontal position. Then strongly bend the legs at the hip, knee and ankle joints and spread the socks to the side. Stretch your arms with your palms down and place them near the surface of the water shoulder-width apart. The swimmer performs small support movements from top to back through the sides with legs and arms. From this position, having made a strong stroke with his hands down with simultaneous repulsion by his legs with a breaststroke, he seeks to get out of the water as high as possible. The body is in a position close to vertical. In the next moment, you need to fully straighten your legs in the hip, knee and ankle joints, and press your hands to your hips (as when entering the body into the water in a jump with your feet down). The speed of immersion can be increased by rowing movements of the hands from the bottom up.
Diving into the depths upside down from the surface of the water . The swimmer takes the starting position, as when diving with the feet down, but the hands are placed at the body, palms down. From this position, he makes an energetic stroke with his hands from top to bottom, turning his head and upper part torso down, throwing legs up and straightening them at the hip and knee joints. To increase the speed of immersion of the body down, you can perform several movements with your hands, as when swimming in the breaststroke method.
Floating to the surface of the water. With a small depth of immersion under water, the swimmer floats to the surface, slightly bending and strengthening parts of the strokes with arms that are directed downwards. When diving to the very bottom, the swimmer groups slightly, stretches his arms up, stands on the bottom of the reservoir and, pushing off with his feet, slides up. If the depth is great, then when moving up, they make swimming movements with their arms and legs using the breaststroke method. Before pushing from the bottom, you need to feel with your soles for sharp shells and other objects that can hurt you. When surfacing without repulsion from the bottom, the swimmer groups up, turns his head up and makes a strong stroke with his arms and legs from top to bottom.
Diving. Simple jumps into the water are performed with the legs and head forward. Jumps with feet forward are used in cases where the depth of the water and the nature of the bottom are unknown, in other cases a jump with a head first should be used, with the exception of a jump in clothes, which is always performed with legs first.
Jump feet forward . Stand on the edge of the side, feet together, press your hands to your body, keep your head straight. Giving the weight of the body forward, take a step forward with the right foot; tear off the left leg from the edge of the side and immediately attach it in the air to the right leg. Press your hands tightly to the body, keep your head straight, look in front of you.
The second option: in the main stance, the legs are slightly bent at the knees. Pushing off, jump up and forward, keeping the vertical position of the torso. In both cases, enter the water with your toes pulled back.
Jump head first . Stand on the edge of the side, feet together, grasp the edge of the side with the ends of your toes, stretch your arms up. Tilt the body forward, bend the legs slightly (head under the arms). Push off with your feet and fly out with a straight body forward and down.
The second option is the starting jump. In the starting position (Fig. 41), the swimmer's legs are slightly bent at the knees, the feet are approximately the width of the pelvis, the toes grab the front edge of the bedside table. The body is tilted forward, the arms are lowered, palms back. The swimmer looks back and somewhat down. The position of the body remains natural and not too tense. The weight of the body is, as it were, transferred to the toes, so that you can easily and quickly bring the body out of balance at the starting signal.
The swimmer begins the preparatory movements as soon as the starting signal sounds. He swings his arms, squats a little and begins to fall forward. The swing is performed in the form roundabout hands up-out-back-forward. It can also be performed in the form of a short backward movement of the arms, and then a quick back and forth swing movement.
At the time of the swing, the head drops, the swimmer exhales. Towards the end of the swing, the head begins to vigorously rise to face forward.
The push is the most critical phase of the start. Its effectiveness depends on the simultaneous and rapid movement of the arms forward and upward, extension of the head and legs when pushing away from the bedside table. At the moment the feet leave the bedside table, the athlete straightens up, sends the body forward and up at a slight angle and inhales.
During the flight, the swimmer stretches, the head remains between the hands. The body enters the water at an angle of about 10–15 degrees to the surface of the water. The hands first touch the water, and then the head and the whole body go under the water.
Having plunged into the water, the athlete for a moment slides at the surface of the water in an extended position. Then he raises his head a little, directing his gaze forward, and performs rowing movements. The beginning of the first swimming movements after the start or turn occurs at the moment when the sliding speed approaches the swimming speed at a distance. Timely “picking up” the speed of sliding with a stroke with your hands provides a quick exit to the surface. When swimming with a front crawl and a dolphin, the rowing movements begin almost simultaneously with the legs and arms. The sliding depth is adjusted so that at the end of the stroke the swimmer's shoulder girdle comes to the surface of the water.
When breaststroke swimming, it is more profitable for athletes to perform one cycle of arm and leg movements while underwater (this is allowed by the rules). By the start of the second stroke, the swimmer's head should be above the water. The first rowing movement with the hands is performed to the hips. It begins with the movement of straight arms to the sides. Then the hands go down, the arms bend at the elbows and the next part of the stroke resembles the working movement of the arms in a dolphin.
The stroke ends with a sweeping movement of the hands and forearms back and full extension of the arms. The palms at the end of the stroke are turned up and help regulate the depth of the slide. The head is lowered face down, the chin is directed to the chest. With small movements of the head up or down, the swimmer can decrease or increase the depth of the slide. After a short slip, the swimmer brings his arms forward and pulls his legs up. This part of the movement is performed smoothly, but quickly. At the moment the arms are brought out, the elbows are pressed to the body, and the hands move under the stomach and chest with the palms up and very close to the body. The head rises slightly, directing the body forward and upward. In the final phase of the movement, the arms turn palms down, and the legs begin to push off.
Gliding after the start in breaststroke swimming is performed at a slightly greater depth than in crawl and dolphin swimming. Therefore, the angle of entry of the body into the water in breaststroke is steeper and often exceeds 15 degrees.
In recent years, another variant of the start has become widespread among the strongest swimmers - a start with a grip on the bedside table (start "with grip").
In the initial position, the swimmer leans forward and down and grabs the front edge of the bedside table with his fingers. The degree of bending of the legs in the knee and hip, and arms in the elbow joints for each swimmer is individual. The position of the brushes is also variable. They may touch the bedside table a little narrower or wider than the position of the feet. Some swimmers grab the side edges of the nightstand with their brushes.
At the start signal, the swimmer vigorously presses the edge of the bedside table with his fingers and palms, bends his legs at the knee joints and quickly moves his body forward and down to push off. Then the hands come off the bedside table and the swimmer performs a quick forward swing with his hands. At the same time, the legs and body are straightened in a jumping movement forward, slightly upward. Departure angle no more than 10-15 degrees. The flight phase is short, entering the water at a sharper angle, and gliding at a shallower depth compared to the traditional launch technique.
In this version of the start, the swimmer's reaction to the signal, preparatory movements and repulsion proceed faster. This is his advantage. But he loses in flight and gliding range to the usual start, where the preparatory movements are performed with full amplitude.
It is recommended to master both start options, and then determine the optimal one for a given swimmer. To do this, a series of starts (12-16 repetitions) is performed for a while, where the usual start and start with a grip on the bedside table alternate.
There is hardly any way of swimming more popular among our youth than side swimming. This method is not accidentally called folk.
"Bock" is faster than breaststroke, but slower than crawl. But breathing when swimming on your side is easier. The disadvantages of swimming on the side are the relative difficulty of the footwork, high noise and bad visibility.
Beginner learning to swim "side" You will definitely like it - it is easily and quickly absorbed.
You see in the picture several moments of swimming. Legs will work simultaneously, hands alternately. For two strokes with your hands, you will have one push with your legs.
HOW FEET WORK
If you are swimming on your right side, bending your right leg at the knee and hip joints, take your leg back.
Your heel should rise to the very surface of the water. Relax your ankle muscles. In the same time left leg, bending at the hip joint, moves forward. Her ankle and knee muscles are relaxed.
HOW HANDS WORK
You see that in the initial position the legs are closed, the left arm is extended along the body, the right arm is forward, the head is half in the water. The sequence of actions with arms and legs is as follows:With your right hand, make an influx, start the stroke down. Carry the left through the air, and turn the body slightly towards the chest. Finish the stroke and put your left hand into the water, start the influx with it. Stretch your legs.
The left hand makes the first half of the stroke, while the right hand moves forward underwater, the legs finish the pull-up.
The left hand ends the stroke, the right hand is extended, the legs make a push. At the same time, the body turns on its side and slides.
HOW TO BREATHE
Inhale through your mouth at the end of the stroke with your left hand and at the beginning of carrying it through the air. Turn your head along with your body.WHERE TO START
If you are just starting out, do not bring your left hand (when swimming on your right side) above the surface of the water. At the end of her stroke, bend your arms, stretch forward under water.All other movements are the same.
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Has lost its sporting value. World records in this way of swimming are not fixed. This method is not included in the program of international competitions. In swimming on the side, only III is assigned sports category. However, this is of great practical importance: using it, a swimmer can swim a huge distance; in this way it is convenient to swim in clothes, to help a drowning person. It is popular among the population of our country.
You can swim equally successfully on both the right and left sides. We must learn to swim on both sides. This is of great practical importance. Firstly, being able to swim on either side, a swimmer can, without raising his head, observe from any side. Secondly, when the wave beats from one side, which often happens when swimming in open water (in the sea, river, lake), then, turning his back on the wave, the swimmer can swim without experiencing serious trouble. Thirdly, the ability to swim on any side makes it possible, turning either on one or the other side, to give rest to tired muscles.
As the name of the method itself shows, the body of the swimmer lies on its side. Oscillations of the shoulders and pelvis in relation to the surface of the water are allowed. The hands move alternately. The hand on top is sure to sweep through the air. Legs work like scissors. The leg on top bends forward, and the other (lower) back, then the legs close. Additional leg movements after performing the "scissors" are allowed. The stroke of the upper arm should coincide with the moment of bringing the legs together. Swimming on the other side is allowed only after turning.
When turning, the transition to the chest is allowed, but with the first swimming movement, the body must be turned to the position on the side.
Consider the technique of movements of the method of swimming on the side
When swimming on the side in the initial position, the body of the swimmer is located horizontally in the water, for example, on the right side. The head lies with its cheek in the water, as if on a pillow (Fig. 31, a). The legs are freely extended. The right hand is extended forward in a horizontal plane, the palm is facing down, the fingers are connected. The left hand is located along the body, the hand is at the left thigh. The head is in a straight line with the body.
The swimmer rows with a slightly bent right arm down and slightly forward, while starting to inhale. The torso, legs and left arm are still motionless at this moment (Fig. 31, b).
Continuing the movement with the right hand and slightly bending it, the swimmer finishes the stroke towards the hips (Fig. 31, c). At the same time, the left hand, bending at the elbow, is taken out of the water and carried forward through the air, so that the elbow passes above the eyes, and freely lowers into the water with the palm down, grabbing the water as far forward as possible in the direction of body movement, against the same shoulder joint; the body turns slightly towards the chest. When the hand is immersed in water, the muscles are relaxed. The legs begin to spread, bending at the hip and knee joints: the left one - forward, the right one - back, with the heel towards the surface of the water. The muscles of the lower leg and feet of both legs are relaxed. Inhalation ends by the time the left hand is immersed in water. Then the right hand bends at the elbow and brings the brush to the right side of the chest, the left hand begins to stroke along the body (Fig. 31, d). The legs continue to spread, with the left leg bent at the knee so that the lower leg moves forward parallel to the body; the right leg is bent at the knee joint. By the end of this movement, the left leg is slightly straightened at the knee and the toe is taken over.
Legs spread wide for a powerful stroke. The exhalation begins. The right (lower) hand at this moment stretches forward and turns palm down (Fig. 31, e); the left (upper) arm, bending at the elbow, makes a strong stroke along the body towards the left thigh. Simultaneously with the stroke of the left hand, the legs, accelerating the movement, widely capture the water, close and stretch freely. Exhalation ends. At the beginning of the rowing motion, the foot of the lower (right) leg turns inward for better support on the water.
Having finished the stroke with the upper arm and legs, the swimmer takes the starting position (see Fig. 31, a) and slides forward. After that, all movements are repeated again in the described order.
The arms complete their movement somewhat earlier than the legs. The thigh of the left (upper) leg during breeding should not make an angle of less than 100 - 110 ° with the body of the swimmer, i.e. the angle should be more direct. Excessive flexion of the upper leg causes significant deceleration.
Breeding of the legs (braking movement) is performed more slowly, and closing of the legs and stroke with the hand - quickly, but without tension. All movements should smoothly follow each other.
Many swimmers, after the legs have finished closing, make several movements with their legs, as well as “krill”. This slightly increases the speed of swimming and is allowed by the rules.
Swimming on your side without reaching out
The variant of swimming on the side without taking out the arm differs from the main one (just described) in that the left (upper) arm, having finished the stroke, is strongly bent at the elbow, and while the right arm is rowing, the left arm is pulled forward under water for the next stroke (Fig. 32).
Swimming on your side without reaching out more comfortable when moving in water in clothes with equipment. Although this is a slower method (and therefore not used in competitions), it is less tiring. It is easier for learners, dumb and weak swimmers to master than the main method with the extension of the hand. Therefore, it is widely used as a preparatory exercise when teaching the crawl method.
General characteristics and classification of applied navigation
Applied swimming
Applied swimming- the ability of a person to stay on the water (that is, to have the skill of swimming) and to perform vital actions and activities in the water.
Swimming is a skill that is as necessary for a person as the ability to run, jump, etc. It is not for nothing that the TRP complex, which they are currently trying to revive, included all the basic motor skills and skills such as running, jumping, throwing, shooting, pull-ups and push-ups, etc. And swimming is one of the main types of applied exercises.
Applied swimming is part of vocational training employees of law enforcement and rescue structures, people whose work activities are related to water. Many of them pass special swimming standards to determine their professional suitability.
So swimming like physical exercise which harmoniously develops and strengthens the human body, helps to increase its motor capabilities and improve the quality of a number of movements that it needs in everyday life.
Applied swimming is divided into the following main kinds: overcoming water barriers, diving and jumping into the water, rescuing drowning people.
Ways applied swimming: breaststroke on the back, swimming on the side, sports methods (primarily breaststroke) and various combined options.
The classification of applied swimming methods is not clearly regulated as, for example, in sports swimming, and therefore is very conditional. Which method of movement in the water a swimmer chooses depends on the situation and conditions in which he finds himself. The most characteristic and frequently used methods of applied swimming are considered to be breaststroke, breaststroke on the back, swimming on the side.
Breaststroke has received wide recognition not only in sports swimming, but also in applied swimming because of its features. The breaststroke technique can be used in a wide variety of situations that arise in aquatic environment, freely changing the direction and speed of swimming. When swimming with a breaststroke, good visibility is maintained, in this way it is convenient to swim up to a drowning person, help the weakened in the water and transport him to the shore. Using the breaststroke technique, you can tow a load, swim with an object in your hands, especially if you cannot submerge it in water. In cases where you have to take off your clothes in the water, it is most convenient to do this using a breaststroke. If you need to dive under water, then a breaststroke person is practically a diver ready for action. He does not need fins - after all, breaststroke movements are one of the varieties of underwater swimming techniques. For a number of professions, such as geologists, rivermen, sailors, submariners, rescuers, and many others that require the ability to operate in the aquatic environment, mastering breaststroke swimming is a necessary part of professional and applied training.
Other sports methods of swimming are also applied in nature, although this is often hardly mentioned in the description of applied swimming itself. For example, with the help of a crawl on the chest, it is possible to overcome large expanses of water (provided that the swimmer is not burdened with a load and his movements are not constrained by clothing). To help a drowning person - get to the victim faster. Crawl on the back and its individual elements can be used for rest and transportation. Butterfly (dolphin) movements with the body and legs are used when swimming underwater and diving, especially when the swimmer is in fins. Almost all individual elements of sports methods are used in the so-called combined methods, for example, legs-crawl, arms-breaststroke, crawl on the chest without extending the arms.
Samo sports swimming is of great practical importance. Any swimmer-discharger, after short lessons, will easily master the special skills of rescuing drowning people, swimming in clothes, on his side, etc.
Swimming on the side is used to transport goods, help victims on the water. The breaststroke on the back is convenient for relaxing on the water, transporting the victim and cargo. The technique of these and other purely applied swimming methods is somewhat specific and will be discussed in the next section.
